Effect of short-term vs. long-term blood storage on mortality after transfusion

Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University; Canadian Blood Services; Population Health Research Institute; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; SA Pathology Transfusion Service, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Departments of General Anesthesiology and Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, and the Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Meir Medical Center Kfar Saba and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

The New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375((20):):1937-1945
PICO Summary

Population

Adults with type A or type O blood requiring blood transfusion from six centres in Australia, Canada, Israel and USA (n= 20,858).

Intervention

Blood stored for the shortest duration (short-term storage group, n= 6,936).

Comparison

Blood stored for the longest duration (long-term storage group, n= 13,922).

Outcome

The mean storage duration was 13.0 days in the short-term storage group and 23.6 days in the long-term storage group. There were 634 deaths (9.1%) in the short-term storage group and 1213 (8.7%) in the long-term storage group (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.16). When the analysis was expanded to include the 24,736 patients with any blood type, the results were similar, with rates of death of 9.1% and 8.8%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14). Additional results were consistent in three prespecified high-risk subgroups (patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, those admitted to intensive care, and those with cancer).
Abstract
Background Randomized, controlled trials have suggested that the transfusion of blood after prolonged storage does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes among patients, although most of these trials were restricted to high-risk populations and were not powered to detect small but clinically important differences in mortality. We sought to find out whether the duration of blood storage would have an effect on mortality after transfusion in a general population of hospitalized patients. Methods In this pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial conducted at six hospitals in four countries, we randomly assigned patients who required a red-cell transfusion to receive blood that had been stored for the shortest duration (short-term storage group) or the longest duration (long-term storage group) in a 1:2 ratio. Only patients with type A or O blood were included in the primary analysis, since pilot data suggested that our goal of achieving a difference in the mean duration of blood storage of at least 10 days would not be possible with other blood types. Written informed consent was waived because all the patients received treatment consistent with the current standard of care. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, which was estimated by means of a logistic-regression model after adjustment for study center and patient blood type. Results From April 2012 through October 2015, a total of 31,497 patients underwent randomization. Of these patients, 6761 who did not meet all the enrollment criteria were excluded after randomization. The primary analysis included 20,858 patients with type A or O blood. Of these patients, 6936 were assigned to the short-term storage group and 13,922 to the long-term storage group. The mean storage duration was 13.0 days in the short-term storage group and 23.6 days in the long-term storage group. There were 634 deaths (9.1%) in the short-term storage group and 1213 (8.7%) in the long-term storage group (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.16; P=0.34). When the analysis was expanded to include the 24,736 patients with any blood type, the results were similar, with rates of death of 9.1% and 8.8%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14; P=0.38). Additional results were consistent in three prespecified high-risk subgroups (patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, those admitted to intensive care, and those with cancer). Conclusions Among patients in a general hospital population, there was no significant difference in the rate of death among those who underwent transfusion with the freshest available blood and those who underwent transfusion according to the standard practice of transfusing the oldest available blood. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; INFORM Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN08118744 .).
Study details
Language : English
Credits : Bibliographic data from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine