TXA Administration in the Field Does Not Affect Admission TEG after Traumatic Brain Injury

Departments of Surgery. Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute. Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine. Departments of Emergency Medicine. Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. Trauma Surgery, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX. Surgery, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN. Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR. Surgery, John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, TX. Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX. Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. British Columbia Emergency Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Department of Surgery, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL. Department of Surgery, Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, La Jolla, CA. Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH. Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN. Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical City Plano, Plano, TX. Emergency Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, TX. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Trauma Surgery, Texas.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery. 2020

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Abstract
BACKGROUND No FDA-approved medication improves outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A forthcoming clinical trial that evaluated the effects of two prehospital tranexamic acid (TXA) dosing strategies compared with placebo demonstrated no differences in thromboelastography (TEG) values. We proposed to explore the impact of TXA on markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with moderate to severe TBI. METHODS Data were extracted from a placebo-controlled clinical trial in which patients ≥15 years old with TBI (Glascow Coma Scale 3-12) and systolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg were randomized prehospital to receive placebo bolus/placebo infusion (Placebo), 1 gram (g) TXA bolus/1g TXA infusion (Bolus Maintenance [BM]); or 2g TXA bolus/placebo infusion (Bolus Only [BO]). TEG was performed and coagulation measures including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international ratio (INR), fibrinogen, D-dimer, plasmin anti-plasmin (PAP), thrombin anti-thrombin (TAT), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were quantified at admission and six hours later. RESULTS Of 966 patients receiving study drug, 700 had labs drawn at admission and six hours later. There were no statistically significant differences in TEG values, including LY30, between groups (p>0.05). No differences between PT, aPTT, INR, fibrinogen, TAT, tPA, and PAI-1 were demonstrated across treatment groups. Concentrations of D-dimer in TXA treatment groups were less than placebo at six hours (p<0.001). Concentrations of PAP were less in TXA treatment groups than placebo on admission (p<0.001) and six hours (p=0.02). No differences in D-dimer and PAP were observed between BM and BO. CONCLUSION While D-dimer and PAP levels reflect a lower degree of fibrinolysis following prehospital administration of TXA when compared to placebo in a large prehospital trial of patients with TBI, TEG obtained on admission and six hours later did not demonstrate any differences in fibrinolysis between the two TXA dosing regimens and placebo. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; Diagnostic.
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Language : eng
Credits : Bibliographic data from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine