1.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of tranexamic acid and the topical application of Kligman combination drug in the treatment of macular amyloidosis
Ghassemi, M., Roohaninasab, M., Kamani, S. A., Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan, A., Goodarzi, A.
Dermatologic Therapy. 2022;35(1):e15213
Abstract
Macular amyloidosis (MA) is a common form of cutaneous amyloidosis that manifests as dark spots consisting of brown pigments with a rippled pattern on the skin, and the treatment of this condition is highly challenging. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of tranexamic acid (TXA) and topical application of Kligman combination drug in the treatment of macular amyloidosis. In this double-blind clinical trial, a total of 43 patients, who were diagnosed with MA, were treated with two different methods of intralesional injection of tranexamic acid and topical application of Kligman combination drug. Both therapeutic methods were effective in improving MA and significantly reduced hyperpigmentation of the treated areas, but tranexamic acid was significantly more effective than the Kligman combination drug. Significantly, greater improvements were observed in the group of patients treated with tranexamic acid. In the tranexamic acid treatment group, ΔE was reduced from 11.39 in the first session to 8.53 in the third session, and in the Kligman treatment group, it was reduced from 8.79 in the first session to 6.32 in the third session (p < 0.05). In addition, the pruritus score in patients treated with topical tranexamic acid injection was lower compared to the patients treated with the topical application of the Kligman combination drug. The results of this study demonstrated the significant positive effects of both treatment methods, but in terms of reducing melanin content, intralesional injection of tranexamic acid was a more effective method. Both treatments considered safe for MA. In tranexamic acid group, patients logically experienced a tolerable pain during injection but they significantly had significantly lower local pruritic discomfort during study. So, based on the positive findings of this study we suggest to use tranexamic acid in combination with other effective therapeutic methods for treatment of MA especially use of its topically applied form in combination with non-aggressive needling that results in better drug delivery without the experience of injection pain. Selection of the best administration route of tranexamic acid for hyperpigmented lesions depends on the each patient characteristic and their previous theraputic results that may vary case by case.
2.
A Randomized Trial of Oral Tranexamic Acid With Fluocinolone-Based Triple Cream Versus Fluocinolone Based Triple Cream Alone for the Treatment of Melasma
Perveen, S., Rubin, A., Berger, L., Xiong, W., Waqas, N., Sharif, S., Rao, B.
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : Jdd. 2022;21(3):321-322
Abstract
Oral tranexamic acid (TXA) is a relatively new treatment option for melasma. It is thought to reduce hyperpigmentation through inhibition of the plasminogen/plasmin pathway with resulting decreases in epidermal melanocyte tyrosinase activity, inflammatory mediators, dermal neovascularization, and mast cell numbers.
3.
Antifibrinolytic agents in plastic surgery: current practices and future directions
Brown S, Yao A, Taub PJ
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 141(6):937e-949e, 2018 Jun.. 2018;141((6):):937e-949e
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of blood loss is a chief consideration in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The antifibrinolytic drugs tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid have emerged as promising agents to reduce both perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements. However, published reports in the plastic surgery literature are lacking. The authors sought to summarize the current knowledge of the use of antifibrinolytics in plastic surgery by reviewing the existing literature for clinical outcomes and recommendations. METHODS A systematic review of the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for publications examining the use of antifibrinolytics in plastic surgery. Studies were abstracted for procedure type, antifibrinolytic dose, time and mode of administration, blood loss, transfusion requirements, and complications. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were deemed eligible for inclusion, comprising a total of 1823 patients undergoing plastic surgical procedures with tranexamic acid (n = 1328) and/or epsilon-aminocaproic acid (n = 495). CONCLUSIONS Tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid are widely used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in craniofacial and orthognathic surgery, without an increased risk of adverse events. Intravenous administration is most commonly used, although topical formulations show similar efficacy with a reduced systemic distribution. Tranexamic acid has also emerged as a promising agent in aesthetic surgery and burn care, due to its favorable safety profile and role in reducing blood loss, achieving an improved surgical field, and reducing edema and ecchymosis. Further investigation of these agents in the fields of burn care, aesthetic surgery, and microsurgery is warranted to standardize protocols for clinical use.
4.
Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of oral tranexamic acid in the treatment of moderate-to-severe melasma
Del Rosario, E., Florez-Pollack, S., Zapata, L., Jr., Hernandez, K., Tovar-Garza, A., Rodrigues, M., Hynan, L. S., Pandya, A. G.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2018;78(2):363-369
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder that is often difficult to treat. Tranexamic acid (TA) has emerged as a promising treatment for melasma; however, few controlled studies exist. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of oral TA in patients with moderate-to-severe melasma. METHODS Patients with moderate-to-severe melasma were treated with 250 mg of TA or placebo capsules twice daily for 3 months and sunscreen followed by 3 months of treatment with sunscreen only. The primary outcome measure was the modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were enrolled and 39 completed the study. At 3 months, there was a 49% reduction in mMASI score in the TA group versus 18% in the control group. Patients with severe melasma improved more than those with moderate melasma. Three months after treatment was stopped, there was a 26% reduction in mMASI score in the TA group compared with the baseline visit versus a 19% reduction in the placebo arm. No serious adverse events were noted in either group. LIMITATIONS Single-center study enrolling predominantly Hispanic women. CONCLUSIONS Oral TA appears to be an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe melasma with minimal side effects.
