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The effect of placebo in split-scalp and whole-head platelet-rich plasma trials for androgenetic alopecia differs: Findings from a systematic review with quantitative evidence syntheses
Gupta AK, Bamimore MA
Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improves androgenetic alopecia (AGA)-while others do not. We determined whether the placebo effect significantly varies between split-scalp and whole-head trials on PRP monotherapy for AGA. Our rationale was based on the plausibility of PRP diffusing to the control (i.e., 'placebo') side of split-scalp trials. This is not possible in whole head studies. METHODS We systematically searched the literature for available data. Our choice of analyses and outcomes were determined by the available data. RESULTS Our endpoint was change in total hair density six months after baseline. Our regression showed that total hair density after six months was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the placebo arm of split-scalp trials, compared to whole-head studies, by 37 hairs/cm(2) . Our one-arm meta-analyses showed that the pooled change in total hair density between the PRP side and placebo side in split scalp studies was -3 hairs/cm(2) (p=0.37), that is, a slight decrease in hair density in the placebo side of the scalp. For whole head stdies the corresponding difference in total hair density between patients receiving PRP and those on placebo was -30 hairs/cm(2) (p=0.000017), that is, a much larger decrease in hair density. Patients in the placebo group in whole-head trials lost significantly more hair than in the placebo side of the split-head trials where hair loss was comparatively reduced-presumably because of PRP diffusing from the treatment side of the scalp. CONCLUSIONS The association between design (i.e., split-scalp vs. whole-head) and outcome, in placebo arms of AGA trials on PRP monotherapy, had never been reported. This 'design effect' could partly reconcile the incongruent conclusions across the PRP literature for AGA; furthermore, clinical guidelines can consider 'design effect' when selecting evidence to base care practices on.
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2.
Meta-analysis of platelet-rich plasma therapy for anal fistula
Luo Q, Zhou P, Chang S
Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2022
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in treating anal fistula. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and case-control studies published before June 2021 on evaluating the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in treating anal fistula. References of the journals were manually searched for relevant studies. Literature search, screening, data extraction, and bias assessment were carried out by two researcher independently. Stata13.0 and RevMan 5.3 software were used for statistical analysis of the cure rate and recurrence rate of anal fistula. RESULTS A total of 6 case-control studies and 3 RCTs involving 289 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that the pooled cure rate of all studies was 65% (95% CI 0.53-0.77), p = 0.000, and the pooled recurrence rate of all studies was 12% (95% CI 0.08-0.17). CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma is safe and effective in treating anal fistula and should be promoted and further studied in clinical practice.
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Efficacy of ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with autologous platelet-rich plasma versus ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser and placebo in the treatment of striae gravidarum: A randomized clinical trial
Preclaro I, Tianco E, Beloso MB
Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striae gravidarum (SG) is a connective tissue disorder seen commonly in primigravidas. It is associated with impairment in the quality of life. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of ablative fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser combined with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus ablative fractional CO2 laser and placebo in the treatment of SG. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial METHODOLOGY The study was conducted in 16 patients with SG. The assigned treatment area (abdomen) was divided into two sides and was randomly assigned to the PRP side and the control side. All patients received ablative fractional CO2 laser. Immediately after each laser procedure, the PRP side received autologous PRP, while the control side received plain normal saline solution (pNSS) as a placebo. The study was done for three sessions, at intervals of 4 weeks. An independent assessor used the photographs taken at weeks 6, 10, 14 and 16 to assess the clinical improvement. The patient satisfaction was reported at the same intervals. A quartile grading scale was used to measure both the clinical improvement and patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Histopathology was done before treatment, and at the end of the study period. RESULTS The combination of ablative fractional CO2 laser and autologous PRP had better clinical improvement and patients' satisfaction compared to ablative fractional CO2 laser and placebo. However, both outcome measures were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Ablative fractional CO2 laser combined with autologous PRP appears to be an effective treatment in SG.
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4.
Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy as an Adjuvant in Treatment of Melasma
Bikash C, Sarkar R, Relhan V, Singh S
Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of melasma is an ongoing challenge. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has been reported to be beneficial, but there is paucity of studies on PRP therapy in melasma. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of PRP therapy and hydroquinone versus hydroquinone alone in melasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients were randomized to receive PRP microinjections on one side and normal saline on the other in a total of 3 sittings. Patients were concurrently advised 4% hydroquinone (HQ) cream application on both sides of the face. Efficacy was evaluated with hemi-modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) scoring and a 4-scale patient satisfaction grading. RESULTS Majority of the subjects (53.3%) in PRP + HQ group and 76.7% in HQ group had 25% to 50% improvement in their MASI scores. However, 40% in the PRP + HQ group and only 3.3% in the HQ group had 51% to 75% improvement. The difference in the percentage improvement was statistically significant. There was a greater percentage of subjects reporting a good response among the HQ + PRP group (53.3%) as compared with the HQ group (27%). CONCLUSION Microinjections of PRP combined with topical HQ has better efficacy than topical HQ alone.
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5.
Different platelet-rich plasma preparation protocols in Female pattern hair loss: Does it affect the outcome? A pilot study
Moftah NH, Taha NE, Alhabibi AM, Hamdino M
Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is a promising modality for hair regeneration in female pattern hair loss (FPHL). A standard protocol on best methods for PRP preparation has not been established. OBJECTIVES To optimize standard PRP preparation protocols and evaluate its clinical efficacy in FPHL. METHODS Comparative study enrolled 40 female patients with FPHL divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Each group received 3 sessions of monthly intradermal injection of PRP prepared by different methods regarding number of spins, centrifugation speeds, type of the centrifuge, and the size of PRP tube. Patients were evaluated by trichoscan before and 1 month after the 3(rd) session for number of terminal, vellus hair, and average hair width. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in platelet count in PRP prepared by combination of digital centrifuge, large-sized sodium citrate tube, and low centrifugation speed (900 rpm). All patients showed statistically significant increase in percentage of terminal hair and average width of hair after treatment as assessed by trichoscan, without statistically significant difference between studied groups. CONCLUSIONS Digital centrifuge, large-sized sodium citrate tubes, and a single spin with low centrifugation speed (900 rpm) were ideal for PRP preparation. PRP is an effective and safe modality in FPHL therapy.
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6.
Clinical evaluation of efficacy of intralesional platelet-rich plasma injection versus 1064 nm long-pulsed Neodymium:YAG laser in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris in adolescent and post-adolescent patients: a prospective randomized split-face comparative study
Moftah NH, Mansour AM, Ibrahim SMA
Lasers in medical science. 2022
Abstract
Large numbers of local and systemic therapies are available for acne treatment. Common oral or topical retinoids, antibiotics, or keratolytics are used but sometimes are inconvenient, and side effects caused by these conventional therapies prompted a search for effective and safe treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional platelet-rich plasma injection versus 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris in both adolescents and post-adolescent patients. This split-face comparative study was carried out on thirty patients who suffered from moderate inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne vulgaris. The patients were classified into two groups: group I: adolescent (≤ 25 years) and group II: post-adolescent (< 25 years). Each group received four sessions of intralesional PRP injection on one side of the face and a long-pulsed Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser on the other side with 2 weeks interval. Evaluation was done by blinded dermatologists using photographs and lesions counting and by patient satisfaction. Side effects were also noted. Both groups (adolescents and post-adolescent) showed a high statistically significant improvement of inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory lesions either in PRP or Nd:YAG laser-treated side with no significant difference between the two sides. The intralesional PRP injection and 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser are safe and effective methods for controlling inflammatory as well as non-inflammatory acne vulgaris in both adolescents and post-adolescent patients.
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7.
The Effects of Lower Versus Higher Cell Number of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Hair Density and Diameter in Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA): A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo, Paralleled Group Half-Scalp IRB Study
Sasaki GH
Aesthetic surgery journal. 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common disorder in male and female patients that may benefit from the use of platelet-rich plasma. OBJECTIVES To compare the safety, efficacy, and satisfaction of a lower or higher number of platelets over 6 months. METHODS A prospective randomized, double-blinded, placebo, paralleled group, half-scalp IRB study among eight subjects with moderate AGA. Participants received intradermal PRP injections (baseline and month 3), according to two treatment protocols (high vs low platelet numbers) to the frontal and crown portions of the hemi-scalp and normal saline to control sites. Phototrichoscans were measured at baseline and six months, while global photography and subject and investigator satisfaction questionnaires were obtained at baseline, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS At the end of 6-month evaluation period, both groups demonstrated numerical increases in total hair densities, follicle diameters and terminal hair densities, as well as absolute and percent changes at the frontal and crown targeted sites compared to baseline. These improvements tended to occur more often in areas treated with higher platelet numbers than with lower numbers. Vellus hair densities did not exhibit any significant changes to either PRP dosages. Treatments were assessed by investigator and subjects as "satisfied" at month-3 and were associated with no adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS Intradermal injections with two therapeutic quantities of platelets were equally safe and efficacious among men and women with androgenetic alopecia. Findings suggest that higher numbers of platelets may have a greater effect than lower number of platelets in regard to hair densities, follicle diameters and terminal hair densities but exhibited minimal effects on vellus hair densities at the month-6 evaluation period. Further studies are required to determine whether any significant advantages occur when delivering either lower or higher numbers of platelets in AGA treatments as long as therapeutic levels are administered.
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8.
Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of alopecia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Cruciani M, Masiello F, Pati I, Marano G, Pupella S, De Angelis V
Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue. 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of articles evaluating the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA) has increased exponentially during the last years. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the benefit of PRP in the treatment of alopecia. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched MEDLINE (through PUBMED), Embase, and CENTRAL for relevant data. Treatment effect was described by mean difference (MD) and risk difference with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The GRADE system was used to assess the certainty of the body of evidence. RESULTS We found 27 controlled trials (1,117 subjects) that met our inclusion criteria: 18 trials (713 subjects) in patients with AGA, and 9 (404 subjects) in patients with AA. Eleven studies had a split head design. There was heterogeneity in types of PRP (e.g., activated and non-activated) and administration schedules. PRP was compared to saline injections (18 studies), local steroid injections (4 studies) and other comparators (5 studies). Most commonly reported outcomes were hair density and hair regrowth. It was not possible to pool all outcome data because of heterogeneity in reporting, and because reporting was often limited to a single study. Compared to saline injections, PRP injections increased hair density over a medium-term follow-up (MD, 25.6 hairs/cm(2); 95 % CI: 2.62-48.57), but the evidence was rated as low quality due to inconsistency and risk of bias. In individuals with AA, it is unclear whether PRP injection compared with triamcinolone injection increase the rate of subjects with hair regrowth (very-low quality of evidence due to inconsistency, imprecision, and risk of bias). There were no serious adverse events related to PRP injection or control treatments. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence showing benefit of PRP for treatment of alopecia, and most of this evidence is of low quality.
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9.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Preparation and Use in Dermatology
Dashore S, Chouhan K, Nanda S, Sharma A
Indian dermatology online journal. 2021;12(Suppl 1):S55-s65
Abstract
The goal of these recommendations is to provide a framework to practitioners for implementing useful, evidence-based recommendations for the preparation of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and its use in various dermatological indications. The Indian Association of Dermatologists, Venereologists and Leprologists (IADVL) assigned the task of preparing these recommendations to its taskforce on platelet-rich plasma. A comprehensive literature search was done in the English language on the PRF across multiple databases. The grade of evidence and strength of recommendation was evaluated on the GRADE framework (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). A draft of clinical recommendations was developed on the best available evidence which was also scrutinized and critically evaluated by the IADVL Academy of Dermatology. Based on the inputs received, this final consensus statement was prepared. A total of 40 articles (meta-analyses, prospective and retrospective studies, reviews [including chapters in books] and case series) were critically evaluated and the evidence thus gathered was used in the preparation of these recommendations. This expert group recommends use of A-PRF+ protocol, that is (200 g for 8 min) for preparation of solid PRF and C-PRF protocol (700 g for 8 min) for liquid PRF. Swing out bucket model of centrifuge or the horizontal centrifuge is recommended for preparation of both PRF, and liquid PRF. Centrifugation must begin within 90-120 s of drawing of blood. PRF can be used in various indications for skin rejuvenation and nonhealing ulcers as either monotherapy or in combination with other therapies.
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10.
Evaluation of adding platelet-rich plasma to combined medical therapy in androgenetic alopecia
Ramadan WM, Hassan AM, Ismail MA, El Attar YA
Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in androgenetic alopecia. METHODS This study was done on 126 AGA patients, 42 patients survived as control group who received medical treatment, only other 84 patients were subdivided into two groups, and they received PRP sessions as co-adjuvant therapy using different methods administration. Patients were evaluated clinically, by dermoscopy and by digital dermoscopy to measure hair density and diameters before and after treatment. RESULTS PRP-treated patients showed statistically significant increase in hair density and diameter measurements than control group. These results increased by using microneedling as a method of PRP administration. CONCLUSION In AGA, the addition of "PRP with microneedling" to the combined medical treatment increases its efficacy and shortens the time needed for optimum improvement. STUDY DESIGN Single-blinded randomized controlled study.
