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The effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution and conventional infusion in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients
Wu J, Zhang Z
American journal of translational research. 2021;13(7):7866-7873
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution and conventional infusion in prostate cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomies. METHODS A total of 87 patients with prostate cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomies in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (the CNG, n=43, conventional infusion) and an observation group (the OG, n=44, acute hypervolemic hemodilution). Blood gas analyses were performed at different time points, and the patients' cognitive dysfunction was evaluated. RESULTS The intraoperative blood transfusion rates of the OG and the CNG were 11.36% and 30.23%. The average intraoperative blood transfusions in the OG and the CNG were (315.46±24.49) ml and (486.95±42.17) ml (P < 0.05). The CVP and JVP levels in the OG and the CNG at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than the levels at T0 (P < 0.05). The Hb levels of the CNG at T3 and T4 were lower than they were at T0 (P < 0.05), and the Hb level in the OG at T4 was lower than it was at T1 (P < 0.05). The Hb levels in the CNG at T3 and T4 were lower than they were at T1 (P < 0.05), and the Hb levels in the OG at T1 and T2 were lower than they were in the CNG (P < 0.05). The MMSE cognitive function scores were lower than the scores recorded on the day before the operations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Acute hypervolemic hemodilution in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy patients can maintain their hemodynamics in a stable state, help reduce blood transfusion, improve the oxygen supply to the brain tissue to maintain the supply and demand balance, and reduce the impact on the patients' cognitive function.
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2.
Intra-operative cell salvage in urological surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Kinnear, N., O'Callaghan, M., Hennessey, D., Liddell, H., Newell, B., Bolt, J., Lawrentschuk, N.
Bju International. 2019;123(2):210-219
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate systematically the safety and efficacy of intra-operative cell salvage (ICS) in urology. METHODS A search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library to August 2017 was performed using methods pre-published on PROSPERO. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Eligible titles were comparative studies published in English that used ICS in urology. Primary outcomes were allogeneic transfusion rates (ATRs) and tumour recurrence. Secondary outcomes were complications and cost. RESULTS Fourteen observational studies were identified, with a total of 4 536 patients. ICS was compared with no the blood conservation technique (seven studies), preoperative autologous donation (PAD; five studies) or both (two studies). Cohorts underwent open prostatectomy (11 studies), open cystectomy (two studies) or open partial nephrectomy (one study). Meta-analysis was possible only for ATRs within prostatectomy studies. In this setting, ICS reduced ATR compared with no the blood conservation technique (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.76) but not PAD (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.39-1.31). In the non-prostatectomy setting, ATRs amongst patients who underwent ICS were significantly higher or similar in one and two studies, respectively. Tumour recurrence was found to be significantly less common (two studies), similar (eight studies) or not measured (four studies). All six studies reporting complications found no difference in their ICS cohorts. Regarding cost, one study from 1995 found ICS more expensive than PAD, while two more recent studies found ICS to be cheaper than no blood conservation technique. As a result of inter-study heterogeneity, meta-analyses were not possible for recurrence, complications or cost. CONCLUSION Low-level evidence exists that, compared with other blood conservation techniques, ICS reduces ATR and cost while not affecting complications. It does not appear to increase tumour recurrence post-prostatectomy, although follow-up durations were short. Small study sizes and short follow-ups mean conclusions cannot be drawn with regard to recurrence after nephrectomy or cystectomy. Randomized trials with long-term follow-up evaluating ICS in urology are required.
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3.
Low central venous pressure versus acute normovolemic hemodilution versus conventional fluid management for reducing blood loss in radical retropubic prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Habib AS, Moul JW, Polascik TJ, Robertson CN, Roche AM, White WD, Hill SE, Nosnick I, Gan TJ, Duke Perioperative OutcomeStudy Group
Current Medical Research & Opinion. 2014;30((5):):937-43.
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To compare acute normovolemic hemodilution versus low central venous pressure strategy versus conventional fluid management in reducing intraoperative estimated blood loss, hematocrit drop and need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia. Research design and methods: Patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia were randomized to conventional fluid management, acute normovolemic hemodilution or low central venous pressure (<5mmHg). Treatment effects on estimated blood loss and hematocrit change were tested in multivariable regression models accounting for surgeon, prostate size, and all two-way interactions. Results: Ninety-two patients completed the study. Estimated blood loss (mean+SD) was significantly lower with low central venous pressure (706+362ml) compared to acute normovolemic hemodilution (1103+635ml) and conventional (1051+714ml) groups (p=0.0134). There was no difference between the groups in need for blood transfusion, or hematocrit drop from preoperative values. The multivariate model predicting estimated blood loss showed a significant effect of treatment (p=0.0028) and prostate size (p=0.0323), accounting for surgeon (p=0.0013). In the model predicting hematocrit change, accounting for surgeon difference (p=0.0037), the treatment effect depended on prostate size (p=0.0007) with the slope of low central venous pressure differing from the other two groups. Hematocrit was predicted to drop more with increased prostate size in acute normovolemic hemodilution and conventional groups but not with low central venous pressure. Key limitations: Limitations include the inability to blind providers to group assignment, possible variability between providers in estimation of blood loss, and the relatively small sample size that was not powered to detect differences between the groups in need for blood transfusion. Conclusions: Maintaining low central venous pressure reduced estimated blood loss compared to conventional fluid management and acute normovolemic hemodilution in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy but there was no difference in allogeneic blood transfusion between the groups.
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4.
Presurgical hyper-volaemic haemodilution for saving blood transfusion?
Gille J, Winter V, Sablotzki A, Wiedemann B, Richter A, Serfas R
European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2008;25((2)):172-3.
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Influence of acute normovolaemic haemodilution on the dose-response relationship and time course of action of cisatracurium besylate
Dahaba AA, Wang G, Xu X, Liu X, Wu X, Bornemann H, Metzler H
British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2007;98((3):):342-6.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) is an efficacious blood conservation strategy aiming at avoiding allogeneic blood transfusion. ANH was shown to increase the potency of vecuronium, atracurium, and rocuronium. The aim of our study was to investigate whether cisatracurium potency is altered with ANH. METHODS Using the Relaxometer mechanomyograph, we compared cisatracurium dose-response relationship and time course of action in 60 patients randomly allocated to the ANH or control groups. Patients in each group were randomly allocated to receive one of three cisatracurium doses (30, 40, 50 microg kg(-1)) followed by a second supplemental dose to reach a total of 100 microg kg(-1). RESULTS ANH did not result in a significant shift in cisatracurium log dose-probit dose-response curve. There was no significant difference in mean (95% confidence intervals) ED(50), ED(90), and ED(95) (effective doses required for 50, 90, and 95% first twitch depression) between the ANH group [29. 5 (27-32), 50. 4 (47. 4-53. 4), 58. 7 (55. 3-62) microg kg(-1)] and the control group [28. 2 (25. 3-31), 47. 6 (44. 9-50. 3), 55. 3 (52. 5-58. 1) microg kg(-1)], whereas there was no difference in mean (SD) Dur(25) and Dur(0. 8) (time until 25% first twitch and 0. 8 train-of-four ratio recoveries) between the ANH group [40. 8 (5. 9), 64. 7 (8. 4) min] and the control group [42. 2 (7. 6), 66. 5 (10. 7) min]. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that unlike other previously reported neuromuscular blocking drugs, ANH did not alter cisatracurium potency. Thus, cisatracurium would be the neuromuscular blocking drug of choice in patients who undergo surgery with ANH, as no dose adjustments are required.
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Low-dose erythropoietin with preoperative autologous blood donation and acute normovolemic hemodilution in radical prostatectomy: a prospective randomized study
Stibor B, Gal R, Strazevska E, Pacik D
Transfusion Alternatives in Transfusion Medicine. 2006;8((1s):):74. Abstract No. P41.
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7.
A prospective randomized comparison of three blood conservation strategies for radical prostatectomy
Monk TG, Goodnough LT, Brecher ME, Colberg JW, Andriole GL, Catalona WJ
Anesthesiology. 1999;91((1):):24-33.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative autologous blood donation is a standard of care for elective surgical procedures requiring transfusion. The authors evaluated the efficacy of alternative blood-conservation strategies including preoperative recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy and acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) in radical retropubic prostatectomy patients. METHODS Seventy-nine patients were prospectively randomized to preoperative autologous donation (3 U autologous blood); rHuEPO plus ANH (preoperative subcutaneous administration of 600 U/kg rHuEPO at 21 and 14 days before surgery and 300 U/kg on day of surgery followed by ANH in the operating room); or ANH (blinded, placebo injections per the rHuEPO regimen listed previously). Transfusion outcomes, perioperative hematocrit levels, postoperative outcomes, and blood-conservation costs were compared among the three groups. RESULTS Baseline hematocrit levels were similar in all groups (43%+/-2%). On the day of surgery hematocrit decreased to 34% +/-4% in the preoperative autologous donation group (P < 0.001), increased to 47%+/-2% in the rHuEPO plus ANH group (P < 0.001), and remained unchanged at 43%+/-2% in the ANH group. Allogeneic blood exposure was similar in all groups. The rHuEPO plus ANH group had significantly higher hematocrit levels compared with the other groups throughout the hospitalization (P < 0.001). Average transfusion costs were significantly lower for ANH ($194+/-$192) compared with preoperative autologous donation ($690+/-$128; P < 0.001) or rHuEPO plus ANH ($1,393+/-$204, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS All three blood-conservation strategies resulted in similar allogeneic blood exposure rates, but ANH was the least costly technique. Preoperative rHuEPO plus ANH prevented postoperative anemia but resulted in the highest transfusion costs.
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Advantages and limitations of intraoperative mechanical autotransfusion in al prostatectomies German
Jacobi K, Walther A, Kuhn R, Dworak O, Neidhardt B, Rugheimer E
Der Anaesthesist. 1997;46((2):):101-7.
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intraoperative autotransfusion (MAT), preoperative autologous blood donation, and preoperative normovolaemic haemodilution are three different methods to avoid homologous blood transfusion during surgical procedures. The controversial use of MAT via cell saver in tumour surgery as well as contamination of the operative field with urine illustrate the particular difficulties of autologous blood transfusion in connection with radical prostatectomy. We investigated changes in the osmotic resistance of the retransfused red blood cells (RBC), bacterial contamination, changes in coagulation parameters, and the presence of tumour cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS After written informed consent, 24 patients who presented for radical prostatectomy were randomly allocated to either a group that used MAT or a group that used homologous transfusion. The patients received "balanced anaesthesia" with midazolam, fentanyl, atracurium, and nitrous oxide/oxygen. The analysed parameters from the preoperative period to the 3rd postoperative day are shown in Table 1. The Haemonetics 3 Plus Cell Saver was used for autotransfusion. RESULTS Our results showed that the haematologic parameters, coagulation factors, and serum chemistry did not differ between the two groups (Tables 2-4). However, there were significant differences during the investigated period. The osmotic resistance of the salvaged RBCs was higher than that preoperatively. Furthermore, there were no tumour cells in the autologous salvaged RBCs. CONCLUSION Our results showed no decrease in the quality of the autotransfused RBCs, urine was not retransfused; and there were no significant differences between the groups postoperatively. Although there were no tumour cells in the salvaged blood, the possibility of blood irradiation is discussed. We concluded that because of the risk of infection of homologous blood products, MAT is a safe possibility to reduce the amount of homologous blood transfusion required in connection with radical prostatectomy.
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9.
Preoperative recombinant human erythropoietin injection versus preoperative autologous blood donation in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy
Chun TY, Martin S, Lepor H
Urology. 1997;50((5):):727-32.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In an effort to avoid allogeneic transfusions, many patients scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) participate in preoperative autologous donation (PAD) programs. Yet, PAD programs are costly, time-consuming, and not without risks. Perioperative administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (Epoetin alfa) also has been shown to reduce patients exposure to allogeneic transfusion. This study sought to compare the costs and transfusion rates associated with either PAD or perioperative Epoetin alfa in patients undergoing RRP. METHODS The study population consisted of 120 men randomized to one of two treatment groups. Patients in group 1 donated up to 3 U of autologous blood preoperatively, provided that their hematocrit (HCT) was 33% or higher. Patients in group 2 received 600 IU/kg of Epoetin alfa on days -14 and -7 preoperatively, provided that their HCT was 46% or lower. RESULTS Overall, 107 (89%) of 120 patients underwent RRP. In group 1, 5 (9.6%) of 52 patients received a total of 12 U of allogeneic blood (0.23 U/patient). In group 2, 5 (9.6%) of 52 patients received a total of 10 U of allogeneic blood (0.19 U/patient). Three patients in group 1 but no patients in group 2 experienced an adverse event. The average costs related to PAD and pharmacologic administration per patient were $540 in group 1 and $657 in group 2. Participation in PAD required an average of 5 hours more per patient compared with Epoetin alfa administration. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative Epoetin alfa therapy is safe, well tolerated, and equally effective as PAD in reducing allogeneic blood transfusion requirements. Epoetin alfa therapy also is comparable in cost to PAD and offers patients greater convenience and less of a time commitment.
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10.
Observation of coagulation change during induced hypotensive anesthesia and autologous plasma transfusion
Liu YC, Ho WM, Kang HM, Tso HS
Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica. 1994;32((3):):159-164.
