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Evaluation of postoperative bleeding control employing Surgicel: a clinical trial
Amjadi M, Hemmati-Ghavshough M, DadashKarimi H, Mohammad-Rahimi M
American journal of clinical and experimental urology. 2023;11(2):177-184
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various techniques have been developed for the rapid control of bleeding as a potential surgical complication. Research shows that the Surgicel has a significant effect on reducing bleeding in most surgeries; however, in our experimental observations on patients undergoing open prostatectomy, not only no significant reduction was seen in the amount of bleeding, but in some cases, Surgicel led to infection. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the Surgicel on infection and bleeding in open prostatectomy was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients undergoing open prostatectomy were randomly divided into two groups. To control bleeding after suturing the bladder neck, the Surgicel was installed in the first group, while it was not in the second group. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, PT, PTT, INR, bleeding rate, and postoperative complications were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS In the studied groups, hemoglobin level and hematocrit percentage before surgery and on the first and second days after surgery, along with coagulation status, were compared in terms of PT, PTT, and INR. There were no significant differences between the studied variables and baseline variables. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that the Surgicel in open prostatectomy was ineffective in controlling bleeding and can lead to infection.
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The impact of tranexamic acid on perioperative outcomes in urological surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kim J, Alrumaih A, Donnelly C, Uy M, Hoogenes J, Matsumoto ED
Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada. 2023
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent widely used in surgery to decrease bleeding and reduce the need for blood product transfusion. The role of TXA in urology is not well summarized. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting outcomes of TXA use in urological surgery. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two reviewers performed title and abstract screening, full text review, and data collection. Primary outcomes included estimated blood loss (EBL), decrease in hemoglobin, decrease in hematocrit, and blood transfusion rates. Secondary outcomes included TXA administration characteristics, length of stay, operative time, and postoperative thromboembolic events. RESULTS A total of 26 studies consisting of 3201 patients were included in the final analysis. These included 11 studies on percutaneous nephrolithotomy, 10 on transurethral resection of the prostate, three on prostatectomy, and one on cystectomy. Estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, hemoglobin drop, operative time, and length of stay were significantly improved with TXA administration. In addition, the use of TXA was not associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The route, dosage, and timing of TXA administration varied considerably between included studies. CONCLUSIONS TXA use may improve blood loss, transfusion rates, and perioperative parameters in urological procedures. In addition, there is no increased risk of VTE associated with TXA use in urological surgery; however, there is still a need to determine the most effective TXA administration route and dose. This review provides evidence-based data for decision-making in urological surgery.
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Evaluating the effectiveness of tranexamic acid administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostate hyperplasia patients underwent open prostatectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Mohammadi Sichani M, Mohammadi S, Khorrami MH, Zargham M, Javid A, Dehghani M, Gholipour F, Dehkordi PR, Kazemi R
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2023;28:8
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood loss of postoperative after prostate surgery could be related with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness TXA administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who underwent open prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with BPH who underwent open prostatectomy. The first group received TXA (1 gr IV from during surgery to 48 h after surgery, 3 times/day). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the two groups were compared in terms of bleeding rate. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (Plt) counts were also assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Intervention and control groups were comparable in terms of basic and baseline values of variables at the beginning of the study (P > 0.05). The mean bleeding volume in TXA group was significantly lower than the control group 112.11 ± 53.5 and 190.00 ± 97.5 CC; P ≤ 0.001). Mean hospitalization (3.28±0.46 vs. 4.38 ± 0.95 days P < 0.001) and surgery duration (98.11 ± 37.11 vs. 128.00 ± 39.12 h; P = 0.001) were significantly lower in TXA group compared to control intervention. CONCLUSION According to the findings of the current study, the administration of TXA led to reduce bleeding in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy. Furthermore, the mean Hb, HCT, levels were significantly affected by TXA. TXA treatment approach also can reduce the surgery and hospitalization time effectively. TXA approach is recommended as effective procedure in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy.
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Evaluation of the efficacy of oxidized cellulose (surgicel) in reducing blood loss in suprapubic simple open prostatectomy: A randomized clinical trial
Kazemi R, Gholipour F, Salehi H, Sichani MM, Behnamfar A, Fathi M
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2023;28:29
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simple open prostatectomy is still the treatment of choice for removing large prostates; however, peri-surgical bleeding accompanied by this technique has always been a challenge for urologist surgeons. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of surgicel on reducing bleeding in trans-vesical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present double-blinded clinical trial included 54 patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), divided into two groups of 27, and underwent trans-vesical prostatectomy. After removing the prostate, the prostate adenoma was weighed in the first group. Then, two surgicel were inserted into the prostate loge for prostate adenomas weighing 75 g or less. For larger prostates, another surgicel was inserted for each 25 g weight higher than the limit of 75 g. However, no Surgicel was inserted in the control group. Other steps of the procedure were the same in both groups. Moreover, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were assessed in both groups; preoperation, intra-operative, 24 h, and 48 h postoperative. In addition, all the fluid used for bladder irrigation was collected, and its hemoglobin level was assessed. RESULTS According to our results, no intergroup difference in hemoglobin level changes, hematocrit changes, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), postoperative hospital stay, and number of packed cells received. However, the postoperative blood loss in bladder lavage fluid was significantly higher in the control group (120.83 ± 46.66 g) as compared to the surgicel group (72.56 ± 32.53 g) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study concluded that using surgicel in trans-vesical prostatectomy could reduce postoperative bleeding without increasing the chance of postoperative complications.
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Efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in urologic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Lin, Y. H., Lee, K. C., Hsu, C. C., Chen, K. T.
Medicine. 2023;102(25):e34146
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis compared the effects of intravenous Tranexamic acid (TXA) and a placebo on hemostasis, hospital course, and complications in adult patients undergoing various urologic surgeries. METHODS The literature was extensively searched using various databases. The primary outcomes were standardized mean differences (SMDs) of intraoperative blood loss and odds ratios (ORs) of necessary blood product transfusion. The secondary outcomes included SMDs of operative time, SMDs of decreased hemoglobulin levels at 24 hours after surgery, and ORs of thromboembolic events. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 13 randomized controlled trials (RCT) comprising 1814 participants in total. The SMD of intraoperative blood loss for TXA versus placebo was -0.705 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.113 to -0.297). The pooled ORs of transfusion in the TXA group compared with the placebo group was 0.426 (95% CI: 0.290-0.625). These findings indicated a significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and a reduced need for transfusion following intravenous TXA. The pooled ORs of thromboembolic events in the TXA group compared with the placebo group was 0.664 (95% CI: 0.146-3.024). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous TXA can reduce intraoperative blood loss, decrease the need for transfusion, and shorten operative time, and it does not increase the risk of thromboembolic events.
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Clinical outcomes of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum in minimally invasive urological surgery
West A, Hayes J, Bernstein DE, Krishnamoorthy M, Lathers S, Tegan G, Teoh J, Dasgupta P, Decaestecker K, Vasdev N
Journal of robotic surgery. 2022;:1-10
Abstract
The adoption of minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques has revolutionised urological practice. This necessitates a pneumoperitoneum (PNP) and the impact the PNP pressure has on post-operative outcomes is uncertain. During the current COVID-19 era guidance has suggested the utilisation of lower PNP pressures to mitigate the risk of intra-operative viral transmission. Review the current literature regarding the impact of pneumoperitoneum pressure, within the field of urology, on post-operative outcomes. A search of the PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases was undertaken to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines were adhered to. Ten studies, that included both randomised controlled trials and retrospective case series reviews, were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The effect of PNP pressure on outcomes following prostatectomy, live donor nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy and a variety of benign upper tract procedures were discussed. Low pressure PNP appears safe when compared to high pressure PNP, potentially reducing post-operative pain and rates of ileus. When compared to general surgery, there is a lack of quality evidence investigating the impact of PNP pressures on outcomes within urology. Low pressure PNP appears non-inferior to high pressure PNP. More research is required to validate this finding, particularly post-cystectomy and nephrectomy.
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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on perioperative blood loss and complications after radical prostatectomy
Fradet, S., Pelletier, J. F., Singbo, N., Lacombe, L., Toren, P., Lodde, M., Dujardin, T., Tiguert, R., Fradet, Y., Robitaille, K., et al
Clinical Nutrition Espen. 2022;47:221-226
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many dietary supplements, including omega-3 fatty acids (ω3), are suspected to affect blood coagulation and platelet function. Despite no clinical evidence, discontinuation is recommended before radical prostatectomy. However, long-chain ω3 (LCω3) appear beneficial against prostate cancer progression. Here, we aim to determine the effect of LCω3 supplements on perioperative bleeding, hemoglobin, platelets, and postoperative complications after radical prostatectomy. METHODS This is a planned exploratory analysis of 130 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer grade group 2 or greater enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (NCT02333435) testing the effects of LCω3, on prostate cancer biological and pathological outcomes at radical prostatectomy as main outcomes. The LCω3 intervention (MAG-EPA 3 g daily) or equivalent placebo was given 4-10 weeks prior to radical prostatectomy. An intention-to-treat analysis approach was used with bi-variate statistical testing of bleeding and complications outcomes. We also estimated the difference between groups using linear regression and non-parametric quantile regression models. All models were adjusted for confounding variables selected on clinical relevance. RESULTS We found no clinically significant effect of LCω3 versus placebo on perioperative bleeding, laboratory tests or postoperative complications. In contrast, as expected, we found a significant increase in perioperative bleeding in open retropubic radical prostatectomy compared to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (adjusted difference 115.8 mL, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ω3 supplements can be safely taken before radical prostatectomy without increasing surgical bleeding risk. These findings are relevant since ω3 may beneficially affect prostate cancer evolution.
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Comparison of the efficacy and safety of transurethral laser versus open prostatectomy for patients with large-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia: A meta-analysis of comparative trials
Wei, H. B., Guo, B. Y., Tu, Y. F., Hu, X. H., Zheng, W., Zhang, D. H., Zhuo, J.
Investigative and Clinical Urology. 2022;63(3):262-272
Abstract
PURPOSE The selection of open prostatectomy (OP) over transurethral laser surgery is controversial for large volume prostates. Thus, we aim to compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral laser versus OP, and provide the latest evidence of clinical practice for large-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis used Review Manager V5.3 software and the systematic literature search of Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science datasets was performed for citations published from 2000 to 2020 that compared transurethral laser with OP for the treatment of large BPH. Variables of interest assessing the two techniques included clinical characteristics, and the perioperation-, effectiveness-, and complication-related outcomes. RESULTS The meta-analysis included twelve studies containing 1,514 patients, with 792 laser and 722 OP. The transurethral laser group was associated with shorter hospital stay and catheterization duration, and less hemoglobin decreased in the perioperative variables. There was no significant difference in the international prostate symptom score, post-void residual urine volume, maximum flow rate, and quality of life score. Transurethral laser group had a significantly lower incidence of blood transfusion than OP group (odds ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.19; p<0.001; I²=8%), and no statistical differences were found with respect to the other complications. CONCLUSIONS Both OP and transurethral laser prostatectomy are effective and safe treatments for large prostate adenomas. With these advantages of less blood loss and transfusion, and shorter catheterization time and hospital stay, laser may be a better choice for large BPH.
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The role of tranexamic acid in reducing bleeding during transurethral resection of the prostate: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Pranata FH, Kloping YP, Hidayatullah F, Rahman ZA, Yogiswara N, Rahman IA, Febriansyah NA, Soebadi DM
Indian journal of urology : IJU : journal of the Urological Society of India. 2022;38(4):258-267
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is regarded as the current gold standard surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, this procedure is associated with significant chances of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Several studies have reported the role of tranexamic acid in prostatic surgeries, but, its role in TURP is still unclear. This review aims to evaluate the role of tranexamic acid in reducing the blood loss during TURP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed on Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane, up to December 2021. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of tranexamic acid in TURP were screened using our predefined eligibility criteria. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, UK). RESULTS Six trials were included in this meta-analysis, comprising of 582 patients with BPH who underwent TURP. The meta-analysis revealed an insignificant difference in the rate of blood transfusion (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.34, 1.34, P = 0.27) but, a significantly lower amount of blood loss and a lower reduction in the hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the patients receiving tranexamic acid as compared to the control group (MD - 127.03, 95% CI - 233.11, -20.95, P = 0.02; MD - 0.53, 95% CI - 0.84, -0.22, P < 0.01; respectively). Also, the operative time (P = 0.12) and the length of hospitalization (P = 0.59) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION The administration of tranexamic acid was not found to be effective in reducing the need for blood transfusion, the operative time, and the length of hospitalization during the TURP. However, it could reduce the amount of blood loss and the fall in the Hb levels.
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Dorsal Dartos Flap Prepared Before Urethroplasty, Less Bleeding of Operation: A New Perspective on Hypospadias
Issi Y, Bilir C
Turkish journal of urology. 2022;48(2):150-154
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of preparing the dorsal dartos flap before urethroplasty were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with coronal, subcoronal, and distal penile hypopadias without severe cordee who underwent surgical repair between October 2016 and September 2020 were included in the study. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty technique was applied to all patients. The patients were divided into two groups: In Group 1, the dorsal dartos flap was prepared after urethroplasty, which is the commonly used technique today, and sutured on the neourethra. In Group 2, the dorsal dartos flap was prepared before the post-degloving urethroplasty. The amount of bleeding, the duration of the surgery, and the complications between the two groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS Twenty-two patients who could be followed up for at least 3 months were examined. There were 10 patients in Group 1 and 12 patients in Group 2. A statistically significant difference was found between the amount of bleeding of the operation in the two groups. Duration of operation, hematoma, infection, skin necrosis, or glanular dehiscence were not observed in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Preparing the dorsal dartos flap, before urethroplasty significantly reduces the amount of bleeding. This may be a new modification alternative in hypospadias surgery.