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1.
Value of intrauterine platelet-rich concentrates in patients with intrauterine adhesions after hysteroscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Korany S, Baradwan S, Badghish E, Talat Miski N, Alshahrani MS, Khadawardi K, Baradwan A, Alanwar A, Labib K, Dahi AA, et al
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2022;271:63-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the value of intrauterine platelet-rich concentrates among patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. METHODS Four different databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ISI web of science) were searched for the available studies from inception to November 2021. We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared platelet-rich concentrates in the intervention group versus no injection of platelet-rich concentrates in the control group among women with intrauterine adhesions after operative hysteroscopy. Revman software was utilized for performing our meta-analysis. Our primary outcomes were the adhesion score and incidence of recurrence of severe intrauterine adhesions postoperatively. Our secondary outcomes were the clinical pregnancy rate, menstrual flow duration in days, and menstrual flow amount (number of pads). RESULTS Five RCTs met our inclusion criteria with a total number of 329 patients. We found that platelet-rich concentrates were linked to a significant reduction in the postoperative adhesion score (MD = -1.00, 95% CI [-1.68, -0.32], p = 0.004). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of severe IUAs recurrence among the platelet-rich concentrates group (7.6%) compared to the control group (23.4%) after hysteroscopy (p = 0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly increased among the platelet-rich concentrates group (37.1%) in comparison with the control group (20.7%) after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (p = 0.008). There were significant improvements in the menstrual flow duration and amount among the platelet-rich concentrates group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Intrauterine placement of platelet-rich concentrates is an effective method for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions after hysteroscopy.
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Pharmacokinetics of Curative Tranexamic Acid in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
Gilliot S, Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Loingeville F, Hennart B, Allorge D, Lebuffe G, Odou P
Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid (TXA) administered intravenously at a single dose of 0.5 or 1 g in parturients undergoing active hemorrhagic cesarean delivery and to evaluate the influence of patient variables on TXA pharmacokinetics. Subjects from three recruiting centers were included in this PK sub-study if randomized in the experimental group (i.v TXA 0.5 g or 1 g over one minute) of the TRACES study. Blood samples and two urinary samples were collected within 6 h after TXA injection. Parametric non-linear mixed-effect modeling (Monolix v2020R1) was computed. The final covariate model building used 315 blood and 117 urinary concentrations from seventy-nine patients. A two-compartment model with a double first-order elimination from the central compartment best described the data. The population estimates of clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (V1), and half-life for a typical 70 kg patient with an estimated renal clearance of 150 mL/min (Cockroft-Gault) were 0.14 L/h, 9.25 L, and 1.8 h. A correlation between estimated creatinine clearance and CL, body weight before pregnancy, and V1 was found and partly explained the PK variability. The final model was internally validated using a 500-run bootstrap. The first population pharmacokinetic model of TXA in active hemorrhagic caesarean section was successfully developed and internally validated.
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Colloid coload versus crystalloid coload to prevent maternal hypotension in women receiving prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial
Park SK, Park DN, Kim YW, Yoo S, Kim WH, Lim YJ, Park JS, Jun JK, Kim JT
International journal of obstetric anesthesia. 2022;49:103246
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal fluid strategy to prevent maternal hypotension during caesarean delivery remains unclear. This study aim was to compare the incidence of post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension in women receiving either colloid or crystalloid coload in the setting of prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during caesarean delivery. METHODS Healthy mothers undergoing elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia were randomised to receive a rapid intravenous coload with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 10 mL/kg (colloid group) or balanced crystalloid solution (Plasma Solution A) 10 mL/kg (crystalloid group) during spinal anaesthesia. All women had a prophylactic phenylephrine infusion initiated at 25 μg/min immediately after the subarachnoid block and titrated to systolic blood pressure using a standardised protocol. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypotension (systolic blood pressure <80% of baseline) until delivery. RESULTS The incidence of hypotension was 50% in the colloid group and 62% in the crystalloid group (absolute difference, -12% [95% CI -33% to 9%]; relative risk, 0.8 [95% CI 0.56 to 1.14]; P=0.314). No significant difference between groups was found in the number of hypotensive episodes (median 0.5 [IQR 0 to 1] vs 1 [0 to 2], P=0.132) or phenylephrine dose (675 [IQR 425 to 975] μg vs 750 [625 to 950] μg, P=0.109). The incidence of severe hypotension, symptomatic hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, and the neonatal outcomes were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS This study found no benefit of colloid coload compared with crystalloid coload for preventing maternal hypotension in the presence of prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during caesarean delivery.
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4.
The safty profile of blood salvage applied for collected blood with amniotic fluid during cesarean section
Rong X, Guo X, Zeng H, Wang J, Li M, Wang Y
BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2022;22(1):160
Abstract
BACKGROUND The guidelines of National Health Service(NHS, the United Kingdom) recommended for use in obstetrics at increased risk of bleeding, requiring two suction devices to reduce amniotic fluid contamination, however, when comes to massive hemorrhage, it is may difficult to operate because the complex operation may delay time. The aim of the study was to detect the effect of amniotic fluid recovery on intraoperative cell salvage in obstetrics and provide evidence for clinical applications. METHOD Thirty-four patients undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1, the cumulative blood from the operation field, including the amniotic fluid, was collected using a single suction device for processing. In group 2, after suctioning away the amniotic fluid using another suction device for the cumulative blood from the operation field. From each group, four samples were taken, including maternal venous blood (sample I), blood before washing (sample II), blood after washing (sample III) and blood after filtration with a leukocyte filter (sample IV), to detect serum potassium (K +), hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and squamous cell (SC) levels. RESULTS The AFP, K + and WBC levels of sample III and sample IV were significantly lower than sample I in group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.05). Significantly more SCs were found in sample III than in sample I in group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.05), but SCs of sample IV had no statistical difference compared to sample I in group 1 and group 2 (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the K + , Hb, WBC, AFP and SC levels of sample IV between group 1 and group 2 (P > 0.05). The HbF levels of sample III and sample IV were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There is little or no possibility for AF contamination to enter the re-infusion system when used in conjunction with a leucodepletion filter. For maternal with Rh-negative blood, we recommend two suction devices to reduce HbF pollution. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1800015684 , 2018.4.15.
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Tranexamic Acid for Prevention of Hemorrhage in Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery - A Randomized Study
Ogunkua OT, Duryea EL, Nelson DB, Eddins MM, Klucsarits SE, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ
American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM. 2022;:100573
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Editor's Choice
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists states that data is insufficient to recommend Tranexamic acid (TXA) prophylaxis for postpartum hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE This study's objective was to evaluate if prophylactic TXA reduces calculated blood loss versus placebo in women undergoing elective repeat cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, examining calculated blood loss with prophylactic doses of 1-gram of TXA given before skin incision and after placental delivery and standard uterotonics in women with singleton pregnancies at least 37 weeks' gestation, presenting for their second or third cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. The primary outcome was calculated blood loss at 24 hours. The calculation was based on the participant's height, weight, and the difference in hematocrit before the start of surgery and 24 hours after delivery. Prespecified secondary outcomes were quantification of maternal coagulation activity during the perioperative course. A sample size of 50 women per group was planned (N=100), based on a meta-analysis of mean reduction in blood loss after TXA. RESULTS 723 women were screened, and 110 women were randomized as follows: 55 to TXA and 55 to placebo. The primary outcome of mean calculated blood for TXA (2274 ± 469 mL) and the placebo group (2407 ± 388 mL), p > 0.05. In the secondary outcomes, D-dimer levels were lower in the TXA group than the placebo group 24 hours after delivery (2.1 ± 1.2 µg/mL versus 4.3 ± 2.4 µg/mL), p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic tranexamic acid did not decrease mean calculated blood loss. Significantly less participants had calculated blood loss greater than 2000 mL in the tranexamic acid group compared to the placebo group with lower levels of D-dimer at 24 hours.
PICO Summary
Population
Women undergoing elective repeat caesarean delivery (n= 110).
Intervention
Prophylactic doses of tranexamic acid (TXA) before skin incision and after placental delivery (n= 55).
Comparison
Standard uterotonics (n= 55).
Outcome
The mean calculated blood loss for TXA was 2,274 ± 469 mL, and for standard uterotonics was 2407 ± 388 mL. D-dimer levels were lower in the TXA group than the placebo group 24 hours after delivery (2.1 ± 1.2 µg/mL vs. 4.3 ± 2.4 µg/mL).
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Efficacy of oxytocics on reducing intraoperative blood loss during abdominal myomectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Albazee E, Sayad R, Elrashedy AA, Samy Z, Faraag E, Baradwan S, Samy A
Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction. 2022;:102358
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of oxytocics administration (oxytocin and carbetocin) on reducing intraoperative bleeding during abdominal myomectomy. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception until March 2021. Only randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were considered. The included RCTs were evaluated for risk of bias. The main outcome measures were mean intraoperative blood loss (ml), mean duration of hospital stay (day), mean operation time (min), mean difference of postoperative hemoglobin (g/dl), mean difference of postoperative hematocrit (%), and rate of blood transfusion (%). Pooled outcomes were summarized as risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model. RESULTS Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria (n=758 patients; 329 patients per group). Compared with control group, oxytocin and carbetocin resulted in a significantly lower intraoperative blood loss (MD=-281.08 ml, 95% CI [-400.63, -161.53], p<0.001), hospital stay (MD=-0.21 days, 95% CI [-0.31, -0.10], p<0.001), and need for blood transfusion (RR=0.32, 95% CI [0.22, 0.46], p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that oxytocin, but not carbetocin, correlated with a reduced mean difference of postoperative hemoglobin (MD=0.60 g/dl, 95% CI [0.24 to 0.96], p=0.001), postoperative hematocrit (MD=2.29%, 95% CI [1.06, 3.52], p<0.001), and operation time (MD=-14.66 min, 95% CI [-21.04, -8.25], p<0.001) compared with control group. CONCLUSION Among women undergoing abdominal myomectomy, administration of oxytocin and carbetocin correlated with several beneficial clinical outcomes, such as reduced intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and blood transfusion requirement.
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Epidural anaesthesia and myomectomy-associated blood loss: - a prospective randomised controlled study
Farghali M, Ibrahim AS, Farrag WS
Ginekologia polska. 2022
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of anaesthesia for patients with large myomas is particularly important due to disruption of hemodynamic as a result of massive haemorrhage, the prolonged duration of surgery and requirement for additional interventions. This study evaluated the effect of anaesthetic technique on blood loss in patients undergoing myomectomy due to large fibroid uterus. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 156 patients that underwent myomectomy were randomized into two equal groups according to the type of anaesthesia: Epidural anaesthesia group and General anaesthesia group. The volume of blood loss and blood products transfusion was reviewed for each patient. RESULTS The intraoperative blood loss and need for blood transfusion were significantly higher in general anaesthesia group (p < 0.001). The mean hematocrit change was 2.5 ± 1.5 vs 3.7 ± 2.9 % (p = 0.001) for both groups. CONCLUSIONS In the myomectomy planning of women with a large fibroid uterus, the team of gynecologists and anaesthesiologists should take care to choose the most optimal technique for anaesthesia.
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Impact of "natural" cesarean delivery on peripartum blood loss: A randomized controlled trial
Zafran N, Garmi G, Abdelgani S, Inbar S, Romano S, Salim R
American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM. 2022;:100642
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early skin to skin contact after vaginal delivery increases milk production and may increase oxytocin release, leading to reduction in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) rate. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of "natural" cesarean deliveries (NCD) on perioperative maternal blood loss. STUDY DESIGN This is a randomized controlled trial conducted at a single university affiliated medical center, between August 2016 and February 2018. Term singleton gestations scheduled for a planned CD under spinal anesthesia were included. Women were randomized at a ratio of 1:1 to NCD (study group) or traditional CD (control group) during the routine preoperative assessment. Women in the study group watched fetal extraction, had early skin to skin contact, and breastfed until the end of surgery. Neonates in the control group were presented to the mother for few minutes. Blood samples were drawn from all women, during fascia closure, to determine oxytocin levels using an ELISA kit. The Laboratory component was performed after recruitment completion and was accomplished in February 2019. The primary outcome was postpartum hemoglobin (Hb) levels. To detect a difference of 0.5 g/dL between the groups with α = .05 and β = 80%, 214 women were needed. RESULTS Of 214 women that were randomized, 23 were excluded. There were no significant differences in demographic and obstetric variables between the groups. Postpartum Hb levels were 10.1±1.1 and 10.3±1.3 g/dL in the study and control groups, respectively (P = .19). There were no significant differences in rates of PPH and blood transfusion. Maternal pain scores, satisfaction, and exclusive breastfeeding, were comparable. Maternal oxytocin blood levels were 389.5±183.7 and 408.5±233.6 pg/mL in the study and control groups, respectively (P = .96). Incidence of neonatal hypothermia was comparable between the groups (P=.13). CONCLUSIONS NCD does not affect perioperative Hb level or maternal oxytocin blood concentration. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02768142.
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Intraoperative Cell Salvage for Women at High Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage During Cesarean Section: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Obore N, Liuxiao Z, Haomin Y, Yuchen T, Wang L, Hong Y
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.). 2022
Abstract
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) can lead to substantial blood loss that compromises maternal hemodynamic stability and consequently cause severe maternal complications such as organ dysfunction or death. Intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS), an effective method of blood conservation used in other surgical specialties, can be an alternative intervention for managing PPH. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IOCS for women at high risk of PPH undergoing cesarean sections. We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from inception to February 25, 2021 for randomized controlled studies and observational studies published in English or Mandarin about IOCS use in cesarean sections. Primary outcomes of interest were changes in postoperative hematologic parameters and any adverse events reported among patients that had IOCS and controls that had an allogeneic blood transfusion. The certainty of the evidence of the outcomes was evaluated using the GRADE approach. A total of 24 studies with 5872 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 13 observational studies were analyzed. Postoperative hemoglobin levels were higher among patients with IOCS SMD 0.39 (95% CI; 0.20, 0.60; P < 0.001, high certainty). Allogeneic blood transfusion increased adverse events RR = 1.81(95% CI; 1.24, 2.62; P = 0.002, low certainty). IOCS shortened hospital stay SMD - 0.59 (95% CI: - 0.98, - 0.19; P = 0.004, low certainty) and shortened prothrombin time SMD - 0.67 (95% CI; - 1.31, - 0.04), P = 0.037, low certainty). The lower incidence of transfusion-related adverse events and shorter hospital stay among other findings demonstrate that IOCS use in obstetrics is an effective and safe alternative for the management of PPH; however, high-quality randomized control studies are required to confirm this evidence.
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Safety and efficacy of lidocaine plus epinephrine on intraoperative bleeding in abdominal myomectomy: A double-blind clinical trial
Mansour-Ghanaei M, Hosseinzadeh F, Sharami SH, Biazar G, Noori F, Asgari-Ghalebin SM
Health science reports. 2022;5(2):e551
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine fibroid is a common benign pelvic tumor and abdominal myomectomy may cause excessive intraoperative bleeding, which may lead to adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of the injection of lidocaine plus epinephrine to reduce intraoperative bleeding in abdominal myomectomy. METHODS During October 2019 and May 2020, 60 eligible women with uterine fibroids were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Our patients were divided into two groups of lidocaine plus epinephrine defined as Group L and placebo defined as Group P. In group L, lidocaine 3 mg/kg plus 0.5 ml of adrenaline which reached to 50 cc with saline solution and in group P, 50 ml of normal saline was used. Both the combined solution and normal saline were infiltrated to the serous and myometrium above and around the fibroid before incision. Patients' demographic data, total operative time, hemoglobin changes, and the degree of surgical difficulty were evaluated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic data. Hemoglobin changes (p < 0.0001) and the degree of surgery difficulty (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in Group L compared with Group P. In each group the drop in hemoglobin levels from baseline to 4 h postoperatively was significant (p < 0.0001). A significantly meaningful correlation was reported between hemoglobin changes and the degree of surgery difficulty with the size of the uterine and fibroids (p < 0.05). While a negative correlation was found regarding gravidity and surgery difficulty (r = -0.413, p = 0.02). Surgery duration was longer in Group P compared with Group L 70.66 ± 19.85 versus 66.16 ± 14.48, respectively, but with no significant difference (p = 0.32). No significant adverse reaction or serious complication was reported in the two groups. Hemodynamic parameters were kept in the normal range throughout the surgery. CONCLUSION A combination of lidocaine plus epinephrine during abdominal myomectomy appears to be a safe and effective method in reducing blood loss.
