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1.
The use of tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in osteotomy at knee level: a systematic review
Bierke S, Häner M, Bentzin M, Park HU, Petersen W
Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. 2022
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature regarding the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the outcome after knee osteotomy. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in various databases on studies on the use of tranexamic acid in osteotomies around the knee. Primary outcome criterion was the hemoglobin (drop). Secondary outcome criteria were total blood loss, drainage volume, adverse effects such as thromboembolic events, blood transfusions, wound complications and clinical scores. A meta-analysis was performed for quantitative measures. The present study was registered prospectively ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ; no.: CRD42021229624). RESULTS Seven studies with 584 patients (TXA group: 282 patients, non TXA group: 302 patients) Hemoglobin decrease (1.54 g/dl vs. 2.28 g/dl), blood loss (394.49 ml vs. 595.54 ml) and drainage volume (266.5 ml vs. 359.05 ml) were significantly less in the TXA group compared to the non TXA group. No thromboembolic event was noted in any study. In the non TXA group four blood transfusions were given. Eleven wound complications occurred in the non TXA group in comparison to two wound complications in the TXA group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that the application of TXA reduces hemoglobin drop, blood loss and drainage volume. These effects could be responsible for the lesser rate of side effects after administration of TXA during knee osteotomy.
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2.
Time to Total Knee Arthroplasty after Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid or Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Berkani S, Courties A, Eymard F, Latourte A, Richette P, Berenbaum F, Sellam J, Louati K
Journal of clinical medicine. 2022;11(14)
Abstract
Intra-articular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are increasingly being prescribed for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, failure of the medical treatment may result in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We wondered if IA HA or PRP injections (intervention) may delay the time to TKA (outcome) among KOA patients (population), compared to KOA patients not receiving these injections (comparator). For this systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis, we selected observational studies with at least one group of patients receiving IA HA or PRP and with TKA data available. The main outcome was time from the diagnosis of KOA to TKA. We included 25 articles in the SLR (2,824,401 patients) and four in the meta-analysis. The mean strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) score was 63%. For patients receiving versus not receiving HA injections, the delay between a declared diagnosis of KOA to TKA was increased by 9.8 months (95% CI (8.2-11.4)). As compared with standard of care, the effect size of HA injections for this outcome was 0.57 (95% CI (0.36-0.76)). Only one study described a median time from PRP injections to TKA of 4.1 years (range 0.3-14.7). IA HA injections were associated with increased time to TKA. Causality cannot be concluded because of missing confounder factors as comorbidities. Data were insufficient to conclude any effect of PRP injections on TKA delay.
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3.
Do the New Protocols of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Centrifugation Allow Better Control of Postoperative Complications and Healing After Surgery of Impacted Lower Third Molar? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ramos EU, Bizelli VF, Pereira Baggio AM, Ferriolli SC, Silva Prado GA, Farnezi Bassi AP
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2022
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet concentrate generation protocols have undergone several modifications in recent years; in light of this new development, this study review aims to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and the new centrifugation protocols, advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), after extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Specifically, we assessed pain control, edema, trismus, and soft tissue healing, and also measured the degree of periodontal regeneration adjacent to the second molar. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Virtual health library (BVS), and Cochrane Library were searched up to Julye 202; randomized controlled studies were included. This report followed the PRISMA statement and PICO questions. This review has been registered at PROSPERO under the number CRD42019136701. The risk of bias screening and data extraction was performed according to the guidelines recommended by Cochrane. The quantitative analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4. RESULTS Of 17 studies included in the systematic review, 11 were eligible for the meta-analysis. The use of L-PRF was not associated with better soft tissue healing at day 7. (SMD = -0.70; 95% confidence interval, -3.50 to 2.10; Z = 0.49; P = .62; Pheterogeneity = 0.00001; I(2) = 97%). With L-PRF, qualitative analysis revealed better pocket depth and insertion level, and also better pain control at 1 and 3 days. With A-PRF, a lower consumption of analgesics was observed than with L-PRF. With both A-PRF and L-PRF, better control of edema (but not trismus) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The use of L-PRF and A-PRF allows better control of pain and edema compared with the use of standard PRF protocols, but neither has an effect on trismus. The PRF and L-PRF protocols improve soft tissue healing, although not to a statistically significant degree; however, they could improve probing depth at the third month after third molar surgery.
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4.
The limited use of a tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty under a contemporary enhanced recovery protocol has no meaningful benefit: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Lee NK, Lee SI, Chang CB
Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. 2022
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether the limited use of tourniquets during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would be more beneficial under the contemporary enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol than the conventional use of tourniquets. METHODS One hundred patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent primary TKA were randomly assigned to the limited tourniquet (LT, n = 51) and conventional tourniquet (CT, n = 49) groups. Operation time, serial hemoglobin drops, calculated blood loss, transfusion rate, D-dimer levels, and the presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were assessed. In addition, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain around the knee and thigh were measured while resting during the day, at night, and during ambulation. Opioid consumption, range of motion, knee circumference, and postoperative complications were also analyzed. Isokinetic muscle strength, knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores, and Euro-QoL-5D scores were also assessed before and 3 months after TKA. For statistical analysis, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed to compare the differences in categorical variables. Continuous variables were compared using an independent t test or Mann‒Whitney U test. RESULTS The average tourniquet time was 46.7 min in the CT group and 5.4 min in the LT group. Knee pain on the first night after surgery was significantly higher in the CT group (3.2 vs. 4.6, p = 0.033). However, daytime pain in the thigh at 2 weeks and in the knee at 3 months after TKA were higher in the LT group than in the CT group (p = 0.048 and p = 0.036, respectively). The D-dimer level 3 months after TKA was also higher in the LT group than in the CT group (p = 0.028), but there was no difference in DVT incidence between the two groups (n.s.). Additionally, there were no significant differences in the other variables between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the limited use of tourniquets did not increase the operation time, blood loss, or transfusion rate, this study found that the limited use of tourniquets would not provide additional meaningful benefit in reducing pain and early functional restoration after TKA when applying the ERAS protocol. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I.
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5.
Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Weng N, Gou Y, Kuang F
Asian journal of surgery. 2022
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether administration tranexamic acid (TXA) could reduce blood loss and vascular events in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case control trials (CCT) that compared outcomes of patients who did and did not receive TXA during UKA. We searched Cochrane Central Register of including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wan Fang data, CBM and CNKI for relevant studies. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and calculated pooled risk estimates. The primary outcome was operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative HCT, postoperative HB, transfusion rate, dominant blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hidden blood loss, total blood loss, postoperative ROM,postoperative VAS score, postoperative complications. Data were using fixed-effects or random-effects models with standard mean differences and risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Finally, 9 clinical studies with 744 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, TXA group could reduced transfusion rate, dominant blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hidden blood loss, and total blood loss, and increased postoperative HB with statistically significance. The main findings of this meta-analysis are that the transfusion rate, dominant blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hidden blood loss, total blood loss and postoperative HB in the tranexamic acid group were superior to those in the routine group. Additional high-quality RCTs should be conducted in the future.
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6.
Comparison of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment and Partial Plantar Fasciotomy Surgery in Patients with Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized, Prospective Study
Atzmon R, Eilig D, Dubin J, Vidra M, Marom O, Tavidi A, Drexler M, Palmanovich E
Journal of clinical medicine. 2022;11(23)
Abstract
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injection has become a desirable alternative to Partial Plantar Fasciotomy (PPF) surgery and steroid injection for patients with chronic plantar fasciitis (CPF) due to its potential for shorter recovery times, reduced complications, and similar activity scores. As such, we compared PRP treatment to PPF surgery in patients with CPF. Between January 2015 and January 2017, patients were randomly divided into two groups, a PRP treatment group, and a PPF group. All procedures were performed by a single foot and ankle fellowship-trained specialist surgeon. Visual Analog Score (VAS) and Roles-Maudsley Scale (RM) were collected during the preoperative visit and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The patients were also closely followed by a physiotherapist. There were 16 patients in each group after four patients refused to participate. Patients in the PPF had low Roles-Maudsley Scale (RM) scores compared to the PRP group one-year after treatment (3.77 vs. 2.72, p < 0.0001). Both procedures showed a reduction in RM scores during the follow-up year (9 to 1.62 for PPF and 8.7 to 2.4 for PRP). There was no significant change in VAS pain between the two groups (p = 0.366). Patients treated with PRP injection reported a significant increase in their activity scores, shorter recovery time, and lower complication rates compared to PPF treatment. Moreover, with respect to existing literature, PRP may be as efficient as steroid injection with lower complication rates, including response to physical therapy. Therefore, PRP treatment may be a viable option before surgery as an earlier line treatment for CPF. Level of Clinical Evidence: II.
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7.
The Efficacy of Bone Wax in Reduction of Perioperative Blood Loss in Total Hip Arthroplasty via Direct Anterior Approach: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Javad Mortazavi SM, Razzaghof M, Ghadimi E, Milad Seyedtabaei SM, Ardakani MV, Moharrami A
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative blood management in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become a prime focus of research. Given the morbidity, delayed recovery, and prolonged hospital stay associated with postoperative anemia, various measures have been proposed to reduce perioperative blood loss (PBL). In this trial, we studied the efficacy of bone wax application on the distal cut surface of the femoral neck in reducing PBL during THA through the direct anterior approach. METHODS In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 152 patients underwent THA through the direct anterior approach with use of bone wax (n = 75) or without bone wax (control) (n = 77). The study was triple-blinded. The primary outcomes were apparent PBL (blood in sponges and suction canister) and total PBL on postoperative days (PODs) 3 and 5 (as calculated with the Good and Nadler methods). Transfusion and complications were the secondary outcomes. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, etiology, preoperative hematologic/coagulation profile, anesthesia, intraoperative mean arterial pressure, or operative time. Apparent PBL, total PBL on POD3, and total PBL, in milliliters, on POD5 were significantly lower in the wax group, with median values of 200 (interquartile range [IQR]: 115 to 310) versus 370 (IQR: 195 to 513.7), 505.2 (IQR: 409.2 to 637.6) versus 747 (IQR: 494.6 to 955.4), and 536.7 (IQR: 430.9 to 689.3) versus 767.8 (IQR: 537.8 to 1,021.9) in the wax and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). No significant differences in the rates of transfusion and complications were found. CONCLUSIONS Bone wax on the cut surface of femoral neck can significantly reduce PBL during THA through the direct anterior approach. Bone wax is accessible and inexpensive and can be considered a routine part of the surgical technique in THA through the direct anterior approach. This intervention has no impact on complication or transfusion rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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8.
Platelet-rich plasma therapy or arthroscopic surgery on repair of anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Eslami S, Fattah S, Taher SA, Rezasoltani Z
European journal of translational myology. 2022
Abstract
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture reduces knee stability. In old patients with ACL rupture, surgery is not recommended due to the person's low level of activity and knee osteoarthritis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a good treatment option in inflammatory cases in orthopedics. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess and comparison of the effect of PRP and arthroscopic surgery on anterior cruciate ligament rupture. This is a clinical trial that was performed in 2020-2021 in Tehran. 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group of patients underwent ACL tendon repair surgery by arthroscopy and tendon graft. The second group were treated by PRP injection. Both groups of patients were visited from 3 months to 14 months after surgery or PRP treatments. The pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), we also used Knee Score by the Oxford Score Knee Outcome Scale (OKS) to assess patient's functions. The mean VAS score was 3.05 ± 2.47 in patients in surgery group and mean VAS score was 4.39± 2.66 in patients in the PRP group (p = 0.03). These data showed significant improvements in VAS score in both groups with higher improvements in surgical group. After procedures, the ROM was 120.33 ± 19.60º in surgery group and 109.31 ± 17.22º in PRP group (p = 0.03). Patients in both groups had significantly decreased pain severity after 14 months, but the patients in the surgical treatment group had significantly lower pain and higher ROM compared to PRP group.
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9.
The role of Platelet Rich Plasma and other orthobiologics in bone healing and fracture management: A systematic review
Jamal MS, Hurley ET, Asad H, Asad A, Taneja T
Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma. 2022;25:101759
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of large bone defects and fracture healing complications (delayed and non-union) presents a substantial challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Given that bone healing requires mechanical stability as well as a favourable biological microenvironment, orthobiologics such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) may have a significant clinical role to play. AIMS To perform a systematic review of the available literature to assess the clinical effect of PRP, with or without other orthobiologics, on bone healing. METHOD Two independent reviewers performed the literature search based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Clinical studies of any evidence, assessing effect of PRP with or without other orthobiologics on bone healing, were included. A qualitative analysis was carried out on the clinical and radiological outcomes reported. RESULT 27 articles with 1631 patients (mean age = 43.56, 57.1% male, mean follow-up = 17.27 months) were included in the qualitative. Of the 27 studies, 13 dealt with fracture complications (delayed or non-unions), 7 with acute fracture healing, 4 with tibial osteotomies and lengthening procedures and 3 with lumbar spine pathology. 18/27 studies showed a clinical benefit of PRP, 8/27 showed no significant effect, and 1/27 showed a worse outcome with PRP. CONCLUSION Our review suggests PRP may play a clinical role in bone healing but further randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using standardised outcomes should be performed to establish its efficacy.
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10.
Tourniquet Use During Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Davey MS, Davey MG, Hurley ET, Kearns SR
The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. 2022
Abstract
The intra-operative use of tourniquet in open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures remains a topic of debate. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing clinical outcomes of patients undergoing ankle ORIF with tourniquet use versus a control group where no tourniquet was used. A systematic review was performed with reference to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines of the Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies were included if they were an RCT comparing tourniquet and no-tourniquet in ankle ORIF. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan, and p-value <.05 was considered to be statistically significant. On completion of the literature search, a total of 4 RCTs including 350 ankles (52.6% males), with a mean age of 47.1 ± 5.7 years were included. There were 173 patients in the tourniquet group (T), versus 177 patients in the no tourniquet control group (NT), with nonsignificant differences between the groups for age, gender and body mass index demographics (all p > .05). There were significantly shorter duration of surgery, with significantly higher patient-reported rates of pain levels at day 2 postoperatively (both p < .001) in the T group. Additionally, there were significantly greater ranges of ankle motion at 6 weeks postoperatively (p = .03), with nonsignificant differences reported incidence of wound infections and deep vein thrombosis (p = .056 and p = .130 respectively) between the groups. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that although intraoperative tourniquet usage in cases of ankle ORIF results in significant reductions in duration of surgery, this may be at the expense of higher patient-reported pain scores and reduced range of motion postoperatively.
