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1.
The use of tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in osteotomy at knee level: a systematic review
Bierke S, Häner M, Bentzin M, Park HU, Petersen W
Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. 2022
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature regarding the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the outcome after knee osteotomy. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in various databases on studies on the use of tranexamic acid in osteotomies around the knee. Primary outcome criterion was the hemoglobin (drop). Secondary outcome criteria were total blood loss, drainage volume, adverse effects such as thromboembolic events, blood transfusions, wound complications and clinical scores. A meta-analysis was performed for quantitative measures. The present study was registered prospectively ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ; no.: CRD42021229624). RESULTS Seven studies with 584 patients (TXA group: 282 patients, non TXA group: 302 patients) Hemoglobin decrease (1.54 g/dl vs. 2.28 g/dl), blood loss (394.49 ml vs. 595.54 ml) and drainage volume (266.5 ml vs. 359.05 ml) were significantly less in the TXA group compared to the non TXA group. No thromboembolic event was noted in any study. In the non TXA group four blood transfusions were given. Eleven wound complications occurred in the non TXA group in comparison to two wound complications in the TXA group. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that the application of TXA reduces hemoglobin drop, blood loss and drainage volume. These effects could be responsible for the lesser rate of side effects after administration of TXA during knee osteotomy.
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2.
Tranexamic acid versus adrenaline for controlling iatrogenic bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy (TAVA): a double blind, randomized control trial
Badovinac S, Glodić G, Sabol I, Džubur F, Makek MJ, Baričević D, Koršić M, Popović F, Srdić D, Samaržija M
Chest. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most commonly used topical haemostatic agents during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) are cold saline and adrenaline. Data on usage of other agents such as tranexamic acid (TXA) for this purpose are limited. RESEARCH QUESTION Is TXA effective and safe in controlling iatrogenic bleeding during FB compared to adrenaline? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cluster-randomized, double blind, single centre trial in a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients were randomized in weekly clusters to receive up to 3 applications of TXA (100mg, 2ml) or adrenaline (0.2mg, 2ml, 1:10000) following haemostasis failure after 3 applications of cold saline (4°C, 5ml). Crossover was allowed (for up to 3 further applications) before proceeding with other interventions. Bleeding severity was graded by the bronchoscopist using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 1 - very mild, 10 - severe). RESULTS A total of 2033 FB were performed and 130 patients were successfully randomized to adrenaline (N=65) or TXA (N=65), while 12 had to be excluded for protocol violations (2 from the adrenaline and 10 from TXA arm). Bleeding was stopped in 83.1% (54/65) of patients in both groups (p=1). The severity of bleeding and number of applications needed for bleeding control (N) were similar in both groups (adrenaline mean VAS= 4.9±1.3, N=1.8±0.8; TXA mean VAS=5.3±1.4, N=1.8±0.8). Both adrenaline and TXA were more successful in controlling moderate (86.7% and 88.7%) than severe (40% and 58.3%) bleeding (p=0.008 and p=0.012, respectively), and required more applications for severe (3.0±0 and 2.4±0.5) than moderate (1.7±0.8 and 1.7±0.8) bleeding control (p=0.006 and p=0.002, respectively). We observed no drug related adverse events in both groups. INTERPRETATION We found no significant difference between adrenaline and TXA for controlling non-catastrophic iatrogenic endobronchial bleeding after cold saline failure, adding to the body of evidence that TXA can be used safely and effectively during FB. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04771923; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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3.
Prophylactic tranexamic acid during myomectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Baradwan S, Hafidh B, Latifah HM, Gari A, Sabban H, Abduljabbar HH, Tawfiq A, Hakeem GF, Alkaff A, AlSghan R, et al
European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2022;276:82-91
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the clinical efficacy and safety of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) versus control (normal saline/no treatment) during myomectomy. METHODS Six databases were screened from inception until 21-February-2022. The eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias. The outcomes were summarized as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a random-effects model. RESULTS Seven studies, comprising eight arms and 571 patients (TXA = 304 patients, control = 267 patients) were analyzed. The included studies had an overall low risk of bias. The mean intraoperative blood loss (MD = -224.34 ml, 95% CI [-303.06, -145.61], p < 0.001), mean postoperative blood loss, and mean total blood loss were significantly reduced in favor of the prophylactic TXA group. Additionally, the mean postoperative hemoglobin (MD = 0.4 mg/dl, 95% CI [0.11, 0.68], p = 0.006) and mean postoperative hematocrit levels were significantly higher in favor of the prophylactic TXA group. While the mean hospital stay was significantly reduced in favor of the prophylactic TXA group (MD = -0.39 d, 95% [-0.74, -0.04], p = 0.03), there was no significant difference between both groups regarding the mean operation time and rate of blood transfusion. None of the participants in both groups developed any incidence of thromboembolic events. The rate of nausea was significantly higher in disfavor of the prophylactic TXA group (RR = 2.68, 95% CI [1.11, 6.43], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Among patients undergoing myomectomy, prophylactic TXA was largely safe and linked to substantial reductions in perioperative blood loss and related morbidities.
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4.
The Effect of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Myomectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Kathopoulis N, Prodromidou A, Zacharakis D, Chatzipapas I, Diakosavvas M, Kypriotis K, Grigoriadis T, Protopapas A
Journal of personalized medicine. 2022;12(9)
Abstract
Myomectomy is the preferred surgical treatment for symptomatic women with uterine myomas who wish to preserve their fertility. The procedure may be associated with significant intraoperative blood loss, which predisposes to increased transfusion rates and morbidity. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether intravenous (IV) use of tranexamic acid (TXA) may reduce blood loss during myomectomy. Three electronic databases were screened until June 2022. The eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias. Four randomized controlled trials that reported outcomes from a total of 310 women were finally included in the meta-analysis-155 patients received intravenous TXA while the remaining 155 received placebo injection with normal saline or water for injection. Total estimated blood loss was significantly lower in patients who received TXA before myomectomy compared to control (230 patients MD -227.09 mL 95% CI -426.26, -27.91, p = 0.03). This difference in favor of TXA group remained when intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was separately analyzed. Postoperative hematocrit values and hemoglobin levels did not differ among the two groups (180 patients MD 0.67% 95% CI -0.26, 1.59, p = 0.16 and 250 patients MD 0.17 mg/dL 95% CI 0.07, 0.41, p = 0.17, respectively). The number of patients that received blood transfusion was also not different (310 patients OR 0.46 95% CI -0.14, 1.49, p = 0.19). Total operative time was significantly prolonged in control group compared to TXA (310 patients MD -16.39 min 95% CI -31.44, -1.34 p = 0.03). Our data show that the IV use of TXA may significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing myomectomy and contribute to reduced operative time.
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5.
The Use of Tranexamic Acid for Elective Resection of Intracranial Neoplasms: A Systematic Review
Brown NJ, Wilson B, Ong V, Gendreau JL, Yang CY, Himstead AS, Shahrestani S, Shlobin NA, Reardon T, Choi EH, et al
World neurosurgery. 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an established antifibrinolytic agent, tranexamic acid (TXA) has garnered widespread use during surgery to limit intraoperative blood loss. Within the field of neurosurgery, it is often introduced in cases of traumatic brain injury or elective spine surgeries. However, its role during elective cranial surgeries is not well established. This study presents a systematic review of the use of TXA for elective surgical resection of intracranial neoplasms. METHODS We performed a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines to identify studies investigating the TXA use in elective neurosurgical resection of intracranial neoplasms. Variables extracted included patient demographics, surgical indications, type of surgery performed, TXA administration dose and route, operative duration, blood loss, transfusion rate, postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and complications. RESULTS After careful screening, 4 articles (consisting of 682 total patients) fit our inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two studies were prospective cohorts, one was a retrospective cohort, and one was a case series. Chi-squared testing of pooled data demonstrated that patients administered TXA had a significantly decreased need for blood transfusions during surgery (OR: 0.6273, 95% CI:0.4254-0.9251, p=0.018). Mean total blood loss was 821.9 mL in the TXA group and 1099.0 mL in the control group across studies. There was no significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin levels: means were 11.4 g/dL for both the TXA and control groups. CONCLUSION These results support the use of intraoperative TXA in tumor resection. However, its role in tumor resection has been less investigated when compared to the use of TXA in other areas of neurosurgery.
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6.
Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Weng N, Gou Y, Kuang F
Asian journal of surgery. 2022
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether administration tranexamic acid (TXA) could reduce blood loss and vascular events in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case control trials (CCT) that compared outcomes of patients who did and did not receive TXA during UKA. We searched Cochrane Central Register of including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wan Fang data, CBM and CNKI for relevant studies. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies and calculated pooled risk estimates. The primary outcome was operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative HCT, postoperative HB, transfusion rate, dominant blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hidden blood loss, total blood loss, postoperative ROM,postoperative VAS score, postoperative complications. Data were using fixed-effects or random-effects models with standard mean differences and risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Finally, 9 clinical studies with 744 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, TXA group could reduced transfusion rate, dominant blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hidden blood loss, and total blood loss, and increased postoperative HB with statistically significance. The main findings of this meta-analysis are that the transfusion rate, dominant blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hidden blood loss, total blood loss and postoperative HB in the tranexamic acid group were superior to those in the routine group. Additional high-quality RCTs should be conducted in the future.
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7.
Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss and the Quality of Surgical Field in Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgeries: Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Control Trial
Lamsal R, Panda NB, Wig J
Neurology India. 2022;70(3):960-964
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pituitary adenomas are common intracranial neoplasms and several cases require surgery, radiotherapy or radiosurgery. Transsphenoidal access to the pituitary gland is the commonest surgical approach. In microscopic or endoscopic approach to the pituitary, even modest bleeding can significantly worsen the surgical field for the neurosurgeon, lengthen intra-operative time and lead to potentially catastrophic complications. METHODS The investigators hypothesized that administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) would improve the quality of the surgical field and reduce bleeding during transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) of pituitary tumors. Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical-status 1 or 2 patients undergoing TSS were randomized into two groups: T and P. Patients in Group T received 25 mg/kg bolus of TXA followed by intraoperative infusion of 1 mg/kg/hour, while those in Group P received a matching saline infusion. The operating neurosurgeon, and the anesthesiologist, who managed the patient and collected data, were blinded to the test drug. Surgical field quality was assessed using the Boezaart scale. A single neurosurgeon performed all the surgeries to ensure consistency in estimating the quality of the surgical field. RESULTS The median Boezaart score (interquartile range) was 3 (1.0) in Group T and 3.0 (1.5) in Group P (P = 0.03). There was an absolute blood loss reduction of nearly 32% with TXA use. Blood loss in Group T was 334 ± 101 mL, compared to 495 ± 226 mL in Group P (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The administration of TXA significantly improved the quality of surgical field and reduced blood loss in patients undergoing TSS.
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8.
Pharmacokinetics of Curative Tranexamic Acid in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
Gilliot S, Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Loingeville F, Hennart B, Allorge D, Lebuffe G, Odou P
Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(3)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid (TXA) administered intravenously at a single dose of 0.5 or 1 g in parturients undergoing active hemorrhagic cesarean delivery and to evaluate the influence of patient variables on TXA pharmacokinetics. Subjects from three recruiting centers were included in this PK sub-study if randomized in the experimental group (i.v TXA 0.5 g or 1 g over one minute) of the TRACES study. Blood samples and two urinary samples were collected within 6 h after TXA injection. Parametric non-linear mixed-effect modeling (Monolix v2020R1) was computed. The final covariate model building used 315 blood and 117 urinary concentrations from seventy-nine patients. A two-compartment model with a double first-order elimination from the central compartment best described the data. The population estimates of clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (V1), and half-life for a typical 70 kg patient with an estimated renal clearance of 150 mL/min (Cockroft-Gault) were 0.14 L/h, 9.25 L, and 1.8 h. A correlation between estimated creatinine clearance and CL, body weight before pregnancy, and V1 was found and partly explained the PK variability. The final model was internally validated using a 500-run bootstrap. The first population pharmacokinetic model of TXA in active hemorrhagic caesarean section was successfully developed and internally validated.
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9.
Comparative study of the effect of administering two doses of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy
Shafa A, Besharati S, Shetebi H, Shahhoseini S, Rafiee Zadeh A
International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. 2022;14(4):233-239
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenotonsillectomy is a safe and common operation to remove adenoids and tonsils. Here we decided to compare the two dosages of tranexamic acid and their effects on hemodynamic changes and anesthesia-related indexes during surgical interventions. METHODS This is a double-blinded clinical trial performed in 2019-2020 on 64 children who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 32 based on the table of random numbers. Group A received 5 mg/kg slowly tranexamic acid for 10 minutes and group B received 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid slowly for 10 minutes. The study protocol was approved by the Research committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and the Ethics Committee has confirmed it (Ethics code: IR.MUI.MED.REC.1398.639) (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) code: IRCT20171030037093N33, https://en.irct.ir/trial/46553). RESULTS The mean volume of intraoperative bleeding in children in group A is significantly higher than in children in group B (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the length of stay in recovery and the duration of extubation and the mean dose of propofol in the two groups (P > 0.05). The mean arterial oxygen saturation of children in both groups increased significantly over time (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). According to the results, the mean HR in both groups decreased significantly over time (P < 0.05). In addition, the mean HR in children in the group B was significantly lower than children in the group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Administration of 10 mg/kg of tranexamic acid during tonsillectomy is associated with lower amounts of bleeding and lower heart rate than 5 mg/kg dosage. These results were in line with most previous studies.
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10.
Efficacy of topical tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis
Husain S, Ramos JA, Karaf JHA, Zahedi FD, Ahmad N, Abdullah B
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2022
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing intraoperative and immediate postoperative bleeding during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). METHODS This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, involving 26 patients with CRSwNP, who underwent FESS for failed medical therapy. The intervention nostril was packed with ribbon gauze soaked in 500 mg/5 ml TXA. The control nostril was packed with ribbon gauze soaked in Moffett's solution, containing 2 ml 10% cocaine, 1 ml adrenaline 1:1000, and 4 ml 0.9% sodium bicarbonate. Both nostrils were packed for 15 min before FESS. Intraoperative bleeding was recorded in the initial 30 min after commencing the surgery. The recordings were reviewed by two surgeons using Boezaart's scoring system. The scores were taken at 15 and 30 min of surgery. The mean score was then calculated. At the end of the surgery, the intervention nostril was packed with Merocel(®) soaked in 500 mg/5 ml TXA and the control nostril was packed with Merocel(®) soaked in normal saline. The amount of bleeding within 24 h post-surgery was evaluated using a bolster gauze. RESULTS There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding between the intervention (1.54 ± 0.71) and control nostrils (1.69 ± 0.55) with p = 0.172. The amount of bleeding in the postoperative period was significantly reduced in the intervention nostril (1.33 ± 0.55) compared to the control nostril saline (1.81 ± 0.48) with p = 0.001. CONCLUSIONS We found that the nasal packing soaked in TXA reduced intraoperative and immediate postoperative bleeding. It is a safe, efficacious and cost-effective alternative to Moffett's solution during FESS and also an alternative to normal saline post-surgery among patients with CRSwNP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER FF-2015-232, 2015.
