1.
Effects of the Two Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Sedation, Agitation, and Bleeding During Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy
Shafa A, Aledavud H, Shetabi H, Shahhosseini S
Anesthesiology and pain medicine. 2021;11(5):e118424
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the importance of dexmedetomidine and its different dosages, here, we aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine in sedation, agitation, and bleeding in pediatrics undergoing adenotonsillectomy. METHODS This double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 105 pediatric patients that were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. Then, the patients were divided into three groups receiving dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, diluted dexmedetomidine at 1 µg/kg, and normal saline. The drugs were administered 15 minutes before operations via the intravenous method. The duration of extubation, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and SPO(2) in the recovery were recorded. We also collected data regarding patients' sedation and agitation every 15 minutes. RESULTS Our data showed no significant differences between the groups of patients regarding MAP, HR, and SPO(2). However, the mean sedation score was significantly higher in patients receiving dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg), and this score was lowest in the control group at the time of entrance to the recovery room. The patients that received dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1 µg/kg had the lowest agitation score after 45 minutes of being in the recovery room, and the patients treated with dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg had the lowest agitation score after 60 minutes of being in the recovery compared to other groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of the doses of 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine was associated with proper sedation and a significant reduction in agitation. The patients also had lower amounts of bleeding. We recommend that anesthesiologists should pay more attention to dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 µg/kg, especially in pediatric surgical procedures.
2.
Efficacy Of Prophylactic Antibiotics In Reducing Posttonsillectomy Haemorrhage
Sheikh NA, Nadeem K
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2020;32(1):94-98
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims toward establishing the impact of prophylactic pre-operative antimicrobial therapy on tonsillectomy related haemorrhage. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad from January 2017 till August 2019, 121 children and adult patients who had consented and had undergone tonsillectomy were evaluated for procedure related haemorrhage. RESULTS Incidence rate of secondary posttonsillectomy haemorrhage and need for re-hospitalization was significantly less in patients who had completed pre-operative prophylactic antibiotics. Patient-reported secondary haemorrhage was recorded in 4.59% (n=9) cases who did not receive pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, thereby increasing morbidity and prolonging hospital stay. Secondary post-operative bleeding only occurred in 1.18% (n=2) patients who received appropriate pre-operative anti-microbial prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS We strongly imply that prophylactic pre-operative antibiotics reduce procedure related complications in all patients undergoing tonsillectomy.
3.
Comparison of Ibuprofen vs Acetaminophen and Severe Bleeding Risk After Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial
Diercks GR, Comins J, Bennett K, Gallagher TQ, Brigger M, Boseley M, Gaudreau P, Rogers D, Setlur J, Keamy D, et al
JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery. 2019
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Abstract
Importance: Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic after tonsillectomy alone or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy, but concerns remain about whether it increases postoperative hemorrhage. Objective: To investigate the effect of ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen on posttonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) requiring surgical intervention in children. Design, Setting, and Participants: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind noninferiority trial was conducted at 4 tertiary medical centers (Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston; Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California; Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington). A total of 1832 children were assessed for eligibility (presence of sleep-disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, or infectious tonsillitis undergoing extracapsular tonsillectomy by electrocautery). Of these, 1091 were excluded because they did not meet eligibility criteria (n = 681) or refused to participate (n = 410); thus, 741 children aged 2 to 18 years undergoing tonsillectomy alone or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy were enrolled between May 3, 2012, and January 20, 2017. Interventions: Participants were randomized to receive ibuprofen, 10 mg/kg (n = 372), or acetaminophen, 15 mg/kg (n = 369), every 6 hours for the first 9 postoperative days. Main Outcomes and Measures: Rate and severity of posttonsillectomy bleeding were recorded using a postoperative bleeding severity scale: type 1 (bleeds that were observed at home or evaluated in the emergency department without further intervention), type 2 (bleeds that required readmission for observation), and type 3 (bleeds that required a return to the operating room for control of hemorrhage). Type 3 bleeding was the main outcome measure. The noninferiority margin was set at 3%, and modified intention-to-treat analysis was used. Results: Of the 741 children enrolled, 688 children (92.8%) (median [interquartile range] age, 5 [4] years; 366 boys [53.2%]) received the study medication and were included in a modified intention-to-treat analysis. The rate of bleeding requiring operative intervention was 1.2% in the acetaminophen group and 2.9% in the ibuprofen group (difference, 1.7%; 97.5% CI upper limit, 3.8%; P = .12 for noninferiority). There were no significant adverse events or deaths. Conclusions and Relevance: This study could not exclude a higher rate of severe bleeding in children receiving ibuprofen after tonsillectomy alone or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy. This finding should be considered when selecting a postoperative analgesic regimen. Further studies are needed to understand if bleeding risk is affected when ibuprofen is used for a shorter duration or in combination with acetaminophen for postoperative analgesia. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01605903.