1.
Bovine haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier for patients undergoing haemodilution before liver resection
Standl T, Burmeister MA, Horn EP, Wilhelm S, Knoefel WT, Schulte am Esch J
British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1998;80((2):):189-94.
Abstract
We have studied the use of ultrapurified polymerized bovine haemoglobin (HBOC-201) in patients undergoing preoperative haemodilution before liver resection. After autologous blood donation of 1 litre, 12 patients (six males, six females, mean age 59 (35-69) yr) received Ringer's lactate solution 2 litre and, in a random design, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 70,000/0.5 (HES) 3 ml kg-1 or HBOC-201 0.4 g kg-1 within 30 min. Blood samples were obtained for blood chemistry, co-oximetry, haematology, coagulation profiles and immunology examinations before operation, on the day of surgery, on days 2-4 and 7 after operation, on the discharge day and 3 months after operation. There were no differences in patient characteristics, blood loss, amount of solutions infused, transfused allogeneic blood or duration of hospital stay. There were no local or systemic allergic reactions with infusion of HES or HBOC-201. Patients receiving HBOC-201 developed more pronounced leucocytosis and reticulocytosis during the early postoperative days compared with HES-treated patients. The mean maximum plasma haemoglobin concentration was 1.0 (SD 0.2) g dl-1 at the end of infusion of HBOC-201 was 8.5 h. Patients in both groups experienced temporary changes in liver enzymes and coagulation variables which returned to normal before discharge. Urinalysis revealed no difference between groups and no free haemoglobin was detected in urine. Patients receiving HBOC-201 showed no IgE and only a slight increase in IgG titres to HBOC-201 on the day of discharge; these were not detectable at 3 months. Single-dose administration of HBOC-201 was well tolerated by patients undergoing elective liver resection surgery and appears to be safe as a substitute during preoperative haemodilution.
2.
Preoperative hemodilution with bovine hemoglobin. Acute hemodynamic effects in liver surgery patients . German
Standl T, Wilhelm S, Horn EP, Burmeister M, Gundlach M, Schulte am Esch J
Anaesthesist. 1997;46((9):):763-70.
Abstract
UNLABELLED Haemoglobin solutions can be an alternative to allogeneic red-cell transfusions because they combine colloid osmotic with oxygen transport properties. Since severe toxic side effects have been overcome by ultrapurification, clinical interest has been focused on haemodynamics changes during application of haemoglobin preparations. The present clinical study examines changes of haemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters during and after haemodilution with ultrapurified polymerized bovine haemoglobin (HBOC-201) in comparison to hydroxyethyl starch (HES). METHODS After approval of the Ethics Committee, 12 patients (6 males and 6 females, mean age 59 +/- 10 years, ASA 1-2) undergoing elective liver resection were randomly allocated to receive either 3 ml.kg-1 6% HES 70,000/0.5 (group 1) or 0.4 g.kg-1 HBOC-201 (group 2) within 30 min following autologous blood donation of 1 l and substitution with 2 l Ringer's lactate. Measurements of blood gases, haemodynamics, and oxygen transport parameters were performed after induction of general anaesthesia, prior to and after blood donation, during and after infusion, at the beginning of surgery, and in the intensive care unit. RESULTS Demographic characteristics did not differ between groups. In contrast to the HES group, mean arterial pressure increased by 18% over baseline measurements in group 2. While pulmonary vascular resistance showed a trend to higher values in group 2, systemic vascular resistance increased to a maximum of 42% over baseline in group 2 and was twice as high as in the HES group. The cardiac index was lower in the HBOC-201 group than in the HES group. During and after HBOC-201 infusion, mixed-venous oxygen saturation and content and calculated oxygen delivery were lower in group 2 in comparison to group 1, while the oxygen extraction ratio was higher in group 2. Free haemoglobin reached a maximal concentration of 1.0 +/- 0.2 g.dl-1 30 min after the HBOC-201 infusion was started, but was not detectable in urine over time. The mean intravascular half-life of HBOC-201 was 8.5 h. CONCLUSIONS Patients did not show any severe complications during and after infusion of HBOC-201. However, vasoconstrictive side effects resulted in increased systemic but not pulmonary resistance. Ongoing studies with higher doses of HBOC-201 applied in a larger number of patients will probably reveal potential clinical consequences of the demonstrated haemodynamic changes.