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1.
The effectiveness of chitosan as a hemostatic in dentistry in patients with antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy: systematic review with meta-analysis
Minervini, G., Franco, R., Marrapodi, M. M., Di Blasio, M., Cicciù, M., Ronsivalle, V.
BMC oral health. 2024;24(1):70
Abstract
Hemorrhage control is a crucial aspect of dental procedures, and achieving efficient hemostasis remains a key challenge. The advent of hemostatic dressings has revolutionized the field of dentistry by providing effective and convenient solutions for managing bleeding in vari-ous dental scenarios. This article aims to provide an overview of hemostatic dressings, their mechanisms of action, and their diverse applications in dentistry. We applied the following Pop-ulation, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PICO) model to assess the document eligibility. A literature search was performed on major search engines, using keywords. At the end of the search, 3 articles were selected that matched the PICO. Three items were selected after the screen-ing process, and bleeding times were analyzed between the control group and the study group. The overall effect showed a substantial and statistically significant difference with bleeding time in favour of HDD-treated patients, showing that this garrison is very useful in controlling bleed-ing for patients taking anticoagulants and antiplatelets (Mean difference - 5.61; C.I. -5.70, - 5.52); Overall, hemostatic dressings have revolutionized the management of bleeding in dentistry, offering a promising solution to achieve optimal hemostasis, improve treatment outcomes, and enhance patient care, particularly Hemcon.
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2.
Effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
AlQahtani, F. A., Kuriadom, S. T., Varma, S., AlAnzy, H., AlOtaibi, S.
Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2023;:101592
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to review the currently available evidence on the effectiveness of administering tranexamic acid (TXA) to patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. METHODS A study protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Guideline for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) and registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under Registration No. CRD42021232931. Furthermore, the reporting of the present systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA checklist. RESULTS The search strategy yielded a total of 50 articles. After reading the abstracts, 28 articles were excluded, and the English full texts of the remaining 22 studies were separately examined for eligibility by two authors; 15 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, seven systematic reviews and meta-analysis satisfied the criteria for inclusion and were processed for critical review evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the present study and the reviews of the 7 articles included, it is observed that TXA is able to reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss and the amount of irrigation fluids required. However, it does not influence postoperative levels of hemoglobin or hematocrit, nor does it affect the requirement for blood transfusions. It was interestingly discovered that TXA could increase the quality of the surgical site. These data imply that TXA may be an effective adjuvant in lowering bleeding during orthognathic surgery. As a result, the potential risk of problems related with considerable blood loss may be minimized.
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3.
A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid in Facelift Surgery
Al-Hashimi, M., Kaur, P., Charles, W., Bhasta, M., Nahai, F., Khajuria, A.
Aesthetic surgery journal. 2023
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has become widely utilized in different specialities including facelift surgery. To robustly evaluate the quality of available evidence on the efficacy and safety of TXA use in facelift surgery. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Science Citation Index and LILAC databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies. Primary outcomes were blood loss, post-operative hematoma, ecchymosis, and swelling, in addition to technical considerations and complications. We assessed reviews quality using the AMSTAR 2 tool, studies quality using GRADE, and risk of bias using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. Of the 368 articles, a total of three studies including 150 patients met the inclusion criteria. The RCT reported a significant reduction in postoperative serosanguineous collections in the TXA group (p < 0.01), and the surgeon rated postoperative ecchymosis and bruising. The prospective cohort study reported reduced drainage output in first 24 hours in the TXA group (P < 0.01). The retrospective cohort study reported lower intraoperative blood loss, mean POD1 drain output, percentage of drain removal on POD1 and number of days to drain removal the TXA group (all, p < 0.01). The quality of studies was moderate, and this review was the highest rated compared to previous reviews, as per the AMSTAR2 tool. Based on limited literature, TXA improves clinical outcomes regardless of the route of administration. Topical TXA is an emerging route, expediting drain removal and reducing blood loss. Future Level I high-quality studies are required.
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4.
Tissue Sealants for Facial Rhytidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Chien, W. Y., Huang, Y. L., Chiu, W. K., Kang, Y. N., Chen, C.
Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine. 2023;25(2):90-96
Abstract
Background: The aging face can be surgically treated with a face-lift (rhytidectomy); however, bleeding and hematoma are complications that surgeons seek to prevent. Objective: To compare the drainage volume and rate of hematoma in studies of rhytidectomy among those having tissue sealants and those without. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022325404). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that the enrolled participants undergoing rhytidectomy and used tissue sealants as the intervention. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for the drainage volume; risk ratios (RRs) were used for hematoma incidents. Results: Seven RCTs were included. The drainage volume was significantly lower in the tissue sealant group than in the control group (mean difference [MD]: -11.01, confidence interval [95% CI]: -18.39 to -3.63, p < 0.00001). As for hematomas, the incidence was also lower in the tissue sealant group (RR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.08-0.99, p = 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that tissue sealants can be effective in reducing drainage volume and hematoma in face-lift; however, autologous and homologous tissue sealants can be further compared in future RCTs.
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5.
Hemorrhagic complications in implant surgery: a scoping review of etiology, prevention, and management
La Monaca G, Pranno N, Polimeni A, Annibali S, Di Carlo S, Pompa G, Cristalli MP
The Journal of oral implantology. 2023
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide the most relevant aspects of the etiology, prevention, and management of bleeding in routine implant surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive and systematic electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases until Jun 2021. Further references of interest were retrieved from bibliographic lists of the selected articles and the "Related Articles" feature of PubMed. Eligibility criteria were papers about bleeding, hemorrhage or hematoma associated with routine implant surgery on human subjects. RESULTS Twenty reviews and 41 case reports fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the scoping review. Involved implants were mandibular in 37 and maxillary in 4 cases. The major number of bleeding complications was in the mandibular canine region. The most injured vessels were sublingual and submental arteries, mainly due to perforation of the lingual cortical plate. Time to bleeding occurred intraoperatively, at suturing, or postoperatively. The most reported clinical manifestations were swelling and elevation of the mouth floor and the tongue with partial or complete airway obstructions. The first aid to manage airway obstruction was intubation and tracheostomy. For active bleeding control, gauze tamponade, manual or digital compression, hemostatic agents and cauterization were applied. When conservative procedures failed, hemorrhage was controlled by intra- or extraoral surgical approaches to ligate injured vessels or by angiographic embolization. CONCLUSIONS The present scoping review provides knowledge and evidence on the most relevant aspects of the etiology, prevention, and management of implant surgery bleeding complications.
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6.
Tranexamic acid in rhytidectomy: a scoping review
Soltany, A., Alhallak, N., Al Aissami, M.
Annals of medicine and surgery (2012). 2023;85(10):4964-4968
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding is considered one of the most common risks in rhytidectomy. Recently, the use of antifibrinolytic agents in facial plastic and reconstructive surgeries has been evaluated, but their use in rhytidectomy remains a topic of ongoing discussion. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that prevents enzymatic degradation of the fibrin clot by blocking the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, improves platelet function, and has a direct anti-inflammatory effect. This review covers pertinent literature to elucidate whether the use of TXA in rhytidectomy confers intraoperative and postoperative benefits. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in online databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for all articles on the topic of TXA in facelift published up to and including June, 2023 using the following terms: "TXA," "tranexamic acid," "plastic surgery," "aesthetic surgery," "facelift," "rhytidectomy". They were either searched individually or in combination. All relevant original research articles, of any study design were included and narratively discussed in this review. Studies not carried out in humans and studies centred on the use of TXA in other specialties were excluded. English Language was included. RESULTS Eight articles were reviewed in this paper. Through these articles, the authors provided in detail the possible beneficial effects of TXA in facelift patients in evaluating several clinical outcomes: intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drain output, postoperative oedema, ecchymosis, operative time, and surgical field quality. CONCLUSION Although there is still a lack of information on TXA in facelift patients, we are not able to deny the beneficial effects of TXA on this topic. Therefore, further investigations including prospective, case-controlled multi-institutional studies comparing routes of delivery should be performed until reaching, at the end, an evidence-based guideline providing a clear protocol in terms of the administration and dosage of TXA in facelift.
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7.
A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Haemostatic Interventions in Primary Cleft Palate Repair
Sheil, F., Theopold, C., Orr, D. J. A., de Blacam, C.
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 2023;:10556656231178498
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of adrenaline infiltration, topical adrenaline, systemic tranexamic acid, fibrin tissue sealants and alginate-based topical coagulants at reducing blood loss and post-operative bleeding in primary cleft palate repair. DESIGN Systematic review according to PRISMA-P guidelines, using Covidence systematic review software to facilitate 3-stage screening and data extraction by two reviewers. SETTING Academic cleft surgery center. INTERVENTIONS Any peri-operative intervention to reduce intra-operative and post-operative bleeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimated blood loss, rate of post-operative bleeding, rate of return to theatre for haemostasis. RESULTS Sixteen relevant studies were identified, with a total of 1469 study participants. Nine studies examined efficacy of infiltrating vasoconstrictors and all concluded that 1:100,000-1:400,000 adrenaline infiltration reduced intra-operative blood loss, to the range of 12-60 ml. Secondary bleeding and re-operation for haemostasis were uncommon. Tranexamic acid was studied in five randomised controlled trials, two of which demonstrated a significant reduction in blood loss compared to a control group. Use of fibrin and gelatin sponge products was examined in 3 studies, all of which reported no or minimal bleeding, but did not have quantifiable outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Infiltration with vasoconstricting agents, administration of systemic tranexamic acid and application of fibrin sealants have a well-studied and favorable safety profile in pediatric cases, and likely contribute to the relatively low incidence of post-operative bleeding and intra-operative blood loss in primary cleft palate repair.
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8.
Microbiological and Clinical Assessments of Suture Materials and Cyanoacrylate Application in Impacted Third Molar Surgeries: A Scoping Review
Scribante, A., Ghizzoni, M., Pellegrini, M., Poli, P. P., Maiorana, C., Spadari, F.
Journal of functional biomaterials. 2023;14(10)
Abstract
The extraction of impacted third molars is a common but potentially complication-prone oral surgical procedure. Wound healing plays a vital role in preventing complications. This scoping review aimed to assess the clinical and microbiological aspects of various suture materials and cyanoacrylates. Unlike existing studies, we included more articles and comprehensively compared suture materials. Articles published in languages other than English; duplicate studies; studies deemed irrelevant for the specific research questions, including those analyzing different supplementary treatments or not corresponding to the abstract's content; ex vivo or experimental animal studies; studies lacking approval from an ethics committee; and narrative reviews, systematic reviews, or systematic and meta-analysis reviews were excluded. Thus, only 17 studies, published between 2000 and 2023, were included in the search. Suture techniques varied among surgeons, with debates on primary and secondary closure methods. A comparison of different suture materials and their effects on wound healing, infection rates, and other factors was described. Cyanoacrylate has also been used as an alternative to traditional sutures. Microbiological analysis showed varying bacterial adhesion based on the suture material, with silk sutures retaining more microbes than PTFE sutures. Clinical assessments have revealed differing inflammatory responses that affect wound healing and complications. Cyanoacrylate has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional sutures, owing to its rapid polymerization and early healing. However, the choice of suture material in impacted third molar surgery remains controversial, considering microbiological factors and clinical outcomes. More extensive randomized clinical trials are required to better understand the effect of suture materials on surgical outcomes and potential improvements. This study could enhance the safety and effectiveness of this common oral surgical procedure.
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9.
Systematic mapping review of interventions to prevent blood loss, infection and relapse in orthognathic surgery
Bendersky J, Uribe M, Bravo M, Vargas JP, Villanueva J, Urrutia G, Bonfill X
Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic mapping review aims to identify, describe, and organize the currently available evidence in systematic reviews (SR) and primary studies regarding orthognathic surgery (OS) co-interventions and surgical modalities, focusing on the outcomes blood loss, infection and relapse. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was performed to identify all SRs, randomized controlled trials and observational studies that evaluate surgical modalities and perioperative co-interventions in OS that evaluate the outcomes blood loss, infection and relapse, regardless of language or publication date. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. In addition, grey literature was screened. RESULTS 27 SRs and 150 primary studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 91 from SRs, and 59 from our search strategy. Overall, the quality of the SRs was graded as "Critically low," and only two SRs were rated as "High" quality. 11 PICO questions were extracted from SRs and 31 from primary studies, which focused on osteosynthesis methods, surgical cutting devices, use of antibiotics, and induced hypotension. In addition, evidence bubble maps for each outcome were created to analyze in a visual manner the existing evidence. CONCLUSIONS Future primary and secondary high-quality research should be addressed focused on the eight knowledge gaps identified in this mapping review. We concluded that the evidence mapping approach is a practical methodology for organizing the current evidence and identifying knowledge gaps in OS, helping to reduce research waste and canalize future efforts in developing studies for unsolved questions.
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10.
The role of hemostatic agents after tooth extractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mahardawi, B., Jiaranuchart, S., Rochanavibhata, S., Arunjaroensuk, S., Mattheos, N., Pimkhaokham, A.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemostatic agents are used to control bleeding after tooth extraction and have been compared with conventional measures (that is, sutures or gauze pressure) in several studies. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits of topical hemostatic agents for controlling bleeding after tooth extractions, especially in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted a literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, including prospective human randomized clinical trials in which researchers compared hemostatic agents with conventional methods and reported the time to achieve hemostasis and postoperative bleeding events. RESULTS Seventeen articles were eligible for inclusion. Hemostatic agents resulted in a significantly shorter time to achieve hemostasis in both healthy patients and patients taking antithrombotic drugs (standardized mean difference, -1.02; 95% CI, -1.70 to -0.35; P = .003 and standardized mean difference, -2.30; 95% CI, -3.20 to -1.39; P < .00001, respectively). Significantly fewer bleeding events were noted when hemostatic agents were used (risk ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.88; P = .007). All forms of hemostatic agents (that is, mouthrinse, gel, hemostatic plug, and gauze soaked with the agent) had better efficacy in reducing the number of postoperative bleeding events than conventional hemostasis measures, except for hemostatic sponges. However, this was based on a small number of studies in each subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The use of hemostatic agents seemed to offer better bleeding control after tooth extractions in patients on antithrombotic drugs than conventional measures. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Findings of this systematic review may help clinicians attain more efficient hemostasis in patients requiring tooth extraction. This systematic review is registered in the PROSPERO database. The registration number is CRD42021256145.