1.
Safety and efficacy of a single dose of anti-D (WinRho(R)) in severe thrombocytopenia secondary to dengue virus infection
Pannu AK, Bhalla A, Singhal M, Suri V, Shafiq N, Varma S
Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. 2017;21((2)):80-84.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a single intravenous (IV) dose of anti-D in severe thrombocytopenia (<20,000) due to dengue virus (DEV) infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS An open label, investigator-initiated, randomized interventional study was conducted that included thirty dengue patients (all positive for IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) with severe thrombocytopenia (<20,000/mm3). Patients were randomized to receive anti-D (50 mug/kg single IV dose) plus supportive therapy or supportive therapy alone. RESULTS The rate of rise in platelet count was significantly high in the intervention group at 24, 36, and 48 h. At the end of 48 h, 60% patients in the intervention group achieved a platelet count of ≥50,000/mm3 as compared to 6.7% in the control group (P = 0.0019). The requirement of the platelet concentrate infusion in the control group was significantly higher, i.e. 342 ml (+/-193) as compared to the intervention group requiring only 187 ml (+/-79). The intervention group showed a significant improvement in bleeding manifestations in all the patients by 24 h in Grade 2 bleed (P = 0.032) and by 48 h in Grade 1 bleed (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Severe thrombocytopenia (≤20,000/mm3) secondary to DEV infection was rapidly and safely reversed by administration of a single dose of 50 mug/kg (250 IU/kg) anti-D IV.
2.
Superior effect of intravenous anti-D compared with IV gammaglobulin in the treatment of HIV-thrombocytopenia: results of a small, randomized prospective comparison
Scaradavou A, Cunningham-Rundles S, Ho JL, Folman C, Doo H, Bussel JB
American Journal of Hematology. 2007;82((5):):335-41.
Abstract
This small, prospective, randomized study compared increases in platelet counts and duration of response after intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) and IV anti-D in patients with HIV-related thrombocytopenia (HIV-TP). Nine Rh+, nonsplenectomized HIV-positive patients with thrombocytopenia were treated sequentially, in random order, with IVIG and IV anti-D in a cross over design, receiving each therapy for 3 months. Peak platelet counts and duration of effect after each treatment were compared. In addition, viral load measurements and CD4 counts were followed serially, as well as thrombopoietin levels. IV anti-D resulted in a mean peak platelet count of 77 x 10(9)/L compared to only 29 x 10(9)/L after IVIG (P = 0. 07). The mean duration of response was significantly longer in patients treated with anti-D (41 days) compared to IVIG (19 days, P = 0. 01). No consistent changes were seen in the CD4 counts or viral load measurements as a result of either therapy. Thrombopoietin levels were normal in all patients despite often severe thrombocytopenia. Anti-D was more efficacious than IVIG for the treatment of HIV-TP, confirming and extending previous results. Anti-D should be the first line therapy in HIV-positive, Rh+ patients, when antiretroviral agents are not indicated, not effective, or there is an urgent need to increase the platelet count.
3.
Thrombocytopenia associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever responds to intravenous administration of anti-D (Rh(0)-D) immune globulin
de Castro RA, de Castro JA, Barez MY, Frias MV, Dixit J, Genereux M
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2007;76((4):):737-42.
Abstract
Severe thrombocytopenia and increased vascular permeability are two major characteristics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). An immune mechanism of thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet destruction appears to be operative in patients with DHF (see Saito et al. , 2004, Clin Exp Immunol 138: 299-303; Mitrakul, 1979, Am J Trop Med Hyg 26: 975-984; and Boonpucknavig, 1979, Am J Trop Med Hyg 28: 881-884). The interim data of two randomized placebo controlled trials in patients (N = 47) meeting WHO criteria for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < or = 50,000/mm(3)) reveal that the increase in platelet count with anti-D immune globulin (WinRho SDF), 50 microg/kg (250 IU/kg) intravenously is more brisk than the placebo group. The mean maximum platelet count of the anti-D-treated group at 48 hours was 91,500/mm(3) compared with 69,333/mm(3) in the placebo group. 75% of the anti-D-treated group demonstrated an increase of platelet counts > or = 20,000 compared with only 58% in the placebo group. These data suggest that treatment of severe thrombocytopenia accompanying DHF with anti-D may be a useful and safe therapeutic option.
