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Measuring Factor XIII Inhibitors in Patients with Factor XIII Deficiency: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Current Practices in Japan
Amano S, Oka K, Sato Y, Sano C, Ohta R
Journal of clinical medicine. 2022;11(6)
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare but serious coagulopathy. FXIII is critical in blood coagulation, and FXIII deficiencies can lead to uncontrolled or spontaneous bleeding. FXIII deficiencies can be congenital or acquired; acquired FXIII deficiency can be categorized as autoimmune and non-autoimmune. Immunological tests to measure FXIII inhibitors are required to diagnose acquired FXIII deficiency; however, appropriate test facilities are limited, which increases the turnaround time of these tests. In the case of critical bleeding, delayed test results may worsen prognosis due to delayed treatment. Here, we report a case of acquired FXIII deficiency, followed by a review of FXIII deficiency cases in Japan. We performed a systematic review to investigate the present conditions of the diagnosis and treatment of FXIII deficiency, including the measurement of FXIII inhibitors in Japan. FXIII inhibitor testing was only performed in 29.7 of acquired FXIII deficiency cases. Clinical departments other than internal medicine and pediatrics were often involved in medical treatment at the time of onset. Therefore, it is important for doctors in clinical departments other than internal medicine and pediatrics to consider FXIII deficiency and perform FXIII inhibitor testing when examining patients with prolonged bleeding of unknown cause or persistent bleeding after trauma.
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2.
Efficacy and safety of prophylactic treatment with plasma-derived factor XIII concentrate (human) in patients with congenital factor XIII deficiency
Ashley C, Chang E, Davis J, Mangione A, Frame V, Nugent DJ
Haemophilia. 2015;21((1):):102-8.
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is an extremely rare, potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder. Routine prophylactic management is recommended for individuals with clinically relevant FXIII deficiency. This prospective, multicentre, open-label study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of prophylactic infusions of FXIII concentrate (human) 40 IU kg(-1) in patients with congenital FXIII deficiency. FXIII concentrate (human) was administered every 4 weeks for 12 months. Dosing was adjusted to maintain trough FXIII activity levels of 5-20%. Logistical and ethical constraints precluded use of a placebo control group. Annualized incidence of spontaneous bleeding was compared with historical rates; safety was assessed as a secondary objective. Forty-one patients were enrolled and completed the study. The annualized rate for spontaneous bleeding episodes requiring FXIII treatment was 0.000 episodes per patient-year (95% CI: 0.000; 0.097). The study met its primary endpoint: the upper limit of the 95% CI was substantially below the historical rate of 2.5 bleeding episodes per patient-year. Five spontaneous bleeding episodes (involving three patients; none requiring FXIII treatment) and eight trauma-related bleeding episodes (two requiring FXIII treatment) occurred. Five patients had surgery during the study, only one of whom required FXIII treatment for post-surgical bleeding. Most patients (>85%) had trough FXIII activity levels >10%. No patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. No adverse events related to thromboembolism or viral transmission were reported. Prophylactic treatment with FXIII concentrate (human) was well tolerated and prevented spontaneous bleeding episodes that were serious enough to require treatment with FXIII-containing product. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00885742. 2014 The Authors. Haemophilia Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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3.
Congenital factor XIII deficiency in women: a systematic review of literature
Sharief LA, Kadir RA
Haemophilia. 2013;19((6):):e349-57.
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare congenital bleeding disorder. There is a paucity of data in the literature about obstetrics and gynaecological problems in women affected by FXIII deficiency. The aim of this study was to examine gynaecological problems and obstetric complications and outcome in women with congenital FXIII deficiency. An electronic search was performed to identify the published literature on PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Journals @OVID and CINAHL Plus databases using the following keywords: 'congenital factor XIII deficiency' AND 'women OR Pregnancy'. A total of 39 relevant articles were found and included in this systematic review; 27 case reports and 12 case series dating from 1964 to 2012. A total of 121 women were identified. Menorrhagia (26%) was the second most common bleeding reported after umbilical bleeding. Ovulation bleeding reported in 8% of women. Among 63 women, 192 pregnancies were reported; of these, 127 (66%) resulted in a miscarriage and 65 (34%) reached viability stage. In 136 pregnancies without prophylactic therapy, 124 (91%) resulted in a miscarriage and 12(9%) progressed to viability stage. Antepartum haemorrhage occurred in 5/65 (8%) pregnancies reaching viability stage while postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) seen in 16 (25%) cases. Women with congenital FXIII deficiency suffer significant bleeding complications. Menorrhagia and ovulation bleeding are common gynaecological problems and more prevalent than reported. Pregnancies in women with FXIII deficiency have a significant risk of miscarriage, placental abruption and PPH if not on prophylaxis treatment. 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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4.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of factor XIII concentrates prepared from human placenta or plasma: a crossover randomised study
Brackmann HH, Egbring R, Ferster A, Fondu P, Girardel JM, Kreuz W, Masure R, Miloszewski K, Stibbe J, Zimmermann R,, et al
Thrombosis & Haemostasis. 1995;74((2):):622-5.
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of factor XIII (FXIII) from plasma were compared with those of FXIII from placenta in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study involving 13 patients with congenital FXIII deficiency. Both FXIII activity and FXIII antigen were monitored. No difference was seen in the mean half-lives of the two preparations (9.3 days and 9.1 days for plasma and placenta FXIII activity, respectively). Response was similar for both preparations, but was slightly greater for FXIII from plasma (1.6 ormula: see text] vs 1.5 [formula: see text]). Similar results were found for recovery (65% vs 60%). The area under the data completed by extrapolation was significantly higher for FXIII from plasma. No differences between preparations in terms of efficacy or tolerability were observed. It can be concluded that treatment with FXIII concentrate from plasma is as efficient as with FXIII concentrate from placenta in terms of recovery and half-life. Both preparations were equivalent in terms of safety during the observation period. With the administration of monthly injections of approximately 30 U/kg serious bleeding events were prevented and no other serious adverse events occurred.
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5.
Clinical evaluation of a pasteurized factor XIII concentrate administration in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Japanese Pediatric Group
Fukui H, Kamitsuji H, Nagao T, Yamada K, Akatsuka J, Inagaki M, Shike S, Kobayashi Y, Yoshioka K, Maki S,, et al
Thrombosis Research. 1989;56((6):):667-75.
Abstract
Arthral, abdominal and renal symptoms in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) were scored. Coagulation factor XIII (F XIII) activity was determined in fifty-six children with HSP and the correlation with the severity score of the clinical symptoms was investigated. As a result, it was found that the decrease in F XIII level was correlated with the severity score of clinical symptoms, particularly abdominal symptoms. Based on the results, a controlled study was performed in 24 cases with moderate symptoms divided into a group treated with F XIII concentrate and a non-treated group to investigate clear-cut efficacy as a next study. In three days after the administration the symptoms were improved remarkably in accordance with the increase of F XIII level compared with non-treated group and scoring of clinical symptoms was confirmed to be useful for assessing the application of the F XIII concentrate to HSP.