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Recombinant human FVIIa for reducing the need for invasive second-line therapies in severe refractory postpartum hemorrhage: a multicenter, randomized, open controlled trial
Lavigne-Lissalde G, Aya AG, Mercier FJ, Roger-Christoph S, Chauleur C, Morau E, Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Mignon A, Raucoules M, Bongain A, et al
Journal of Thrombosis & Haemostasis. 2015;13((4):):520-9.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case reports on recombinant human factor VIIa (rhuFVIIa) use in women with severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) showed encouraging results, but no randomized controlled trial (RCT) is available. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-four women with severe PPH unresponsive to uterotonics were randomized to receive one early single rhuFVIIa infusion (n = 42) or standard care (no rhuFVIIa; n = 42). The primary efficacy outcome measure was the reduction of the need for specific second-line therapies, such as interventional hemostatic procedures, for blood loss and transfusions. The primary safety outcome measure was the number of deaths and thrombotic events during the 5 days following rhuFVIIa infusion. RESULTS rhuFVIIa was associated with a reduction in the number of patients who needed second-line therapies compared with controls (standard care). Specifically, 39/42 (93%) patients in the standard care arm received second-line therapies and 22/42 (52%) patients in the rhuFVIIa arm (absolute difference, 41%; range, 18-63%; relative risk RR, 0.56 [0.42-0.76]). The delivery mode (vaginal or Cesarean section) did not affect the primary outcome. No death occurred. Two venous thrombotic events were recorded in the rhuFVIIa arm: one ovarian vein thrombosis and one deep vein thrombosis with a non-severe pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION This open RCT in women with severe PPH refractory to uterotonics shows that rhuFVIIa reduces the need for specific second-line therapies in about one in three patients, with the occurrence of non-fatal venous thrombotic events in one in 20 patients.Copyright © 2015 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
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Is prophylaxis required for delivery in women with factor VII deficiency?
Baumann Kreuziger LM, Morton CT, Reding MT
Haemophilia. 2013;19((6):):827-32.
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Abstract
Factor VII (fVII) deficiency is a rare congenital bleeding disorder in which fVII activity level and bleeding tendency do not completely correlate. Pregnancy and delivery present a significant haemostatic challenge to women with fVII deficiency. Treatment with recombinant factor VIIa (rfVIIa) carries a thrombotic risk and the literature is not clear whether prophylaxis is necessary prior to delivery. The aim of this study was to define management, haemorrhagic and thrombotic complications of pregnant women with fVII deficiency through a systematic review. Medical databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched using "factor VII deficiency" and "pregnancy" or "surgery." Overall 34 articles, four abstracts, and three institutional cases were reviewed. Literature from 1953 to 2011 reported 94 live births from 62 women with fVII deficiency. The median fVII activity was 5.5%. Haemostatic prophylaxis was used in 32% of deliveries. Without prophylaxis, 40 vaginal deliveries and 16 caesarean sections were completed. The odds of receiving prophylaxis were 2.9 times higher in women undergoing caesarean section compared to vaginal delivery. Post-partum haemorrhage occurred in 10% of deliveries with prophylaxis and 13% of deliveries without prophylaxis. The fVII level did not significantly differ between women who did and did not receive prophylaxis. We present the only systematic review of the management of pregnancy in fVII deficient women. No difference in post-partum haemorrhage was seen in deliveries with and without prophylaxis. Therefore, we recommend that rfVIIa be available in the case of haemorrhage or surgical intervention, but not as mandatory prophylaxis. 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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The use of recombinant activated FVII in postpartum hemorrhage
Franchini M, Franchi M, Bergamini V, Montagnana M, Salvagno GL, Targher G, Lippi G
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010;53((1):):219-227.
Abstract
Severe bleeding remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in obstetrics. The first-line standard treatment of massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) includes medical measures directed at improving uterine tone, replacement of lost intravascular volume, blood and coagulation factors, and surgical or invasive procedures. Recently, a number of case reports or case series have reported the successful 'off-label' use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in PPH unresponsive to conventional treatments. In this review, a critical analysis of the published literature on the use of rFVIIa in severe PPH was performed. Overall, a total of 272 PPH women were collected among the largest case series and/or international registries. No randomized controlled trials have been conducted in this area. Currently, the literature data suggest that, at a median dose of 81.5 mug/kg, rFVIIa is effective in stopping or reducing bleeding in 85% of the cases. Finally, on the basis of the evidence from the literature and on own experience, we included some recommendations and an algorithm on the therapeutic role of rFVIIa in the management of PPH.
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A critical review on the use of recombinant factor VIIa in life-threatening obstetric postpartum hemorrhage
Franchini M, Franchi M, Bergamini V, Salvagno GL, Montagnana M, Lippi G
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2008;34((1):):104-12.
Abstract
The objective of this review was to evaluate and summarize the current literature on the unlicensed use of the novel agent recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the management of major postpartum hemorrhage. After a systematic electronic search without temporal limits on MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID and SCOPUS, the bibliographic references of all retrieved studies and reviews were additionally assessed for further reports of clinical trials. Unpublished works were also identified by searching abstracts from the most eminent conferences on this topic. In total, there were 31 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. These studies incorporated 118 cases of massive postpartum hemorrhage treated with rFVIIa. The median age of the patients was 31.4 years, and cesarean section appeared to increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. At a median dose of 71.6 mug/kg, rFVIIa was reported to be effective in stopping or reducing bleeding in nearly 90% of the reported cases. Based on the evidence from the literature, we give some recommendations on the use of rFVIIa in massive postpartum hemorrhage. Nevertheless, although these reports suggest the potential role of rFVIIa in treating massive postpartum hemorrhage refractory to standard therapy, we advise particular caution in interpreting these results, as they are derived from few and uncontrolled studies. Further evidence is needed using well-designed clinical trials to better assess the optimal dose, the effectiveness, and the safety of rFVIIa in such critical bleeding conditions.
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Potential role of recombinant activated factor VII for the treatment of severe bleeding associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation: a systematic review
Franchini M, Manzato F, Salvagno GL, Lippi G
Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis. 2007;18((7):):589-93.
Abstract
Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a novel hemostatic agent, originally developed for the treatment of hemorrhage in hemophiliacs with inhibitors, which has been successfully used recently in an increasing number of nonhemophilic bleeding conditions. In the present systematic review we report the existing literature data on the use of this hemostatic agent in severe bleeding, unresponsive to standard treatment, associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. A total of 99 disseminated intravascular coagulation-associated bleeding episodes treated with rFVIIa were collected from 27 published articles: in the majority of the cases, the underlying disorder complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation was a postpartum hemorrhage, while in the remaining cases it was a cancer, trauma, sepsis or liver failure. Although limited, the data available suggest that rFVIIa could have a potential role in this clinical setting. Large randomized trials are needed, however, to confirm the preliminary results and to assess the safety and dosing regimens of this agent in refractory bleeding associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation.