1.
The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): a meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials
Zhang Y, Bai Y, Chen M, Zhou Y, Yu X, Zhou H, Chen G
BMC anesthesiology. 2019;19(1):104
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and efficiency of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unconfirmed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on this topic. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials on the topic. The results of this work are synthetized and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met our inclusion criteria. TXA reduced the incidence of postoperative reoperation of bleeding (relative risk [RR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.31-0.68), the frequency of any allogeneic transfusion (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.78) and the postoperative chest tube drainage in the first 24 h by 206 ml (95% CI - 248.23 to - 164.15). TXA did not significantly affect the incidence of postoperative cerebrovascular accident (RR, 0.93; 95%CI, 0.62-1.39), mortality (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.53-1.28), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.90; 95%CI, 0.78-1.05), acute renal insufficiency (RR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.77-1.32). However, it may increase the incidence of postoperative seizures (RR, 6.67; 95%CI, 1.77-25.20). Moreover, the subgroup analyses in on-pump and off-pump CABG, the sensitivity analyses in trials randomized more than 99 participants and sensitivity analyses that excluded the study with the largest number of participants further strengthened the above results. CONCLUSIONS TXA is effective to reduce reoperation for bleeding, blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood products in patients undergoing CABG without increasing prothrombotic complication. However, it may increase the risk of postoperative seizures.
2.
Efficacy and safety of multiple boluses of oral versus intravenous tranexamic acid at reducing blood loss after primary total knee arthroplasty without a tourniquet: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Cao G, Xie J, Huang Z, Huang Q, Chen G, Lei Y, Xu H, Pei F
Thrombosis Research. 2018;171:68-73.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine whether the administration of multiple boluses of oral or intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) postoperatively were equivalent at reducing blood loss and the inflammatory and fibrinolytic responses in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without a tourniquet. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial, patients undergoing primary THA were randomized into either an oral or intravenous TXA group. All patients received 1 dose of 20mg/kg intravenous TXA 5-10min before skin incision. Patients in the oral TXA group then received 3 doses of 2g oral TXA at 4, 10, and 16h postoperatively, while patients in the intravenous TXA group received 3 doses of 1g intravenous TXA at 6, 12, and 18h after surgery. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the hemoglobin (Hb) or hematocrit (Hct) drop on postoperative day 1 (14.7+/-10.5 vs 14.4+/-9.6g/L, p=0.869; 0.042+/-0.032 vs 0.040+/-0.028, p=0.781) and 3 (22.6+/-10.6 vs 20.5+/-9.7g/L, p=0.300; 0.059+/-0.031 vs 0.054+/-0.031, p=0.332). No patients needed an allogeneic blood transfusion. The mean total blood loss, hidden blood loss, length of hospital stay, the level of inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers on the first and third postoperative days, and the incidence of complications were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION There was no difference in Hb and Hct drop, blood loss, inflammatory and fibrinolytic responses in primary TKA without a tourniquet between those who received multiple boluses of oral or intravenous TXA after surgery in current scheme.
3.
Multiple-dose intravenous tranexamic acid further reduces hidden blood loss after total hip arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Lei Y, Huang Q, Huang Z, Xie J, Chen G, Pei F
The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2018;33((9):):2940-2945
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most appropriate dose of tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been decided. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effects of multiple-dose intravenous tranexamic acid (IV-TXA) in THA. METHODS One hundred fifty patients were randomized to receive one dose of IV-TXA before incision, followed by 2 doses of IV-TXA (group A), or 3 doses of IV-TXA (group B), or 4 doses of IV-TXA (group C) at 3-hour intervals. The primary outcome was hidden blood loss (HBL). Other outcome measurements such as total blood loss, maximum hemoglobin (Hb) drop, postoperative lowest Hb level, fibrinolysis parameter (D-dimer), inflammatory factor (interleukin-6), transfusion rate, length of stay, and complications were also compared. RESULTS The mean HBL, total blood loss, and maximum Hb drop were significantly lower in group C than in groups B and A. Such differences were also detected between groups B and A. The postoperative lowest Hb level was significantly higher in group C. D-dimer and interleukin-6 in group C were significantly lower than in groups B and A at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Such differences were also significant between groups B and A. There was no significant difference in length of stay among groups. No patient underwent blood transfusion during hospitalization. No episodes of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred in all cases. CONCLUSION The 5-dose IV-TXA regimen can further diminish HBL, decrease maximum Hb drop, provide additional fibrinolysis control, and ameliorate postoperative inflammatory response following THA.