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1.
Tranexamic acid, as an adjunct to oxytocin prophylaxis, in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in women undergoing elective caesarean section: a single centre double-blind randomised controlled trial
Lee SH, Kwek ME, Tagore S, Wright A, Ku CW, Teong ACA, Tan AWM, Lim SWC, Yen DYT, Ang CYX, et al
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2023
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss during elective caesarean sections in women with and without risk factors for PPH. DESIGN A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. SETTING An academic tertiary referral centre in Singapore. POPULATION Multiethnic women aged 21 years old and above undergoing elective caesarean section were randomised to receive intravenous TXA or placebo 10 minutes before skin incision. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Calculated estimated blood loss (cEBL), derived from blood volume and hematocrit levels. RESULTS Between June 2020 and October 2021, 200 women were randomised into the placebo or TXA groups. Women who received prophylactic TXA had a significantly lower mean cEBL compared with those receiving placebo (adjusted mean difference -126.4 ml, 95% CI -243.7 to -9.1, p=0.035). Effect was greatest in those at high risk for PPH, with reduction in cEBL (mean difference -279.6 ml, 95% CI -454.8 to -104.3, p=0.002), and lower risk of cEBL ≥ 500 ml (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.83, p=0.007) and cEBL ≥ 1000 ml (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.98, p=0.016). Subgroup analysis showed benefit for women with preoperative haemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL (mean difference -281.9 ml, 95% CI -515.0 to -48.8, p=0.019). There was no significant difference in need for additional medical or surgical interventions. There were no maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION Prophylactic TXA should be considered in women with risk factors for PPH, and those most likely to benefit are those with pre-operative haemoglobin <10.5 g/dL.
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2.
Effect of Preoperative Administration of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kim HH, Park EH, Lee SH, Yoo KJ, Youn YN
Journal of clinical medicine. 2023;12(5)
Abstract
Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery often have anemia and iron deficiency. We investigated the effect of the preoperative administration of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (IVFC) in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) who were due to undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Patients who were due to undergo elective OPCAB between February 2019 and March 2022 who had IDA (n = 86) were included in this single center, randomized, parallel-group controlled study. The participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either IVFC or placebo treatment. Postoperative hematologic parameters [hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, serum iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, transferrin concentration, and ferritin concentration] and the changes in these parameters during the follow-up period were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. The tertiary endpoints were early clinical outcomes, such as the volume of mediastinal drainage and the need for blood transfusions. IVFC treatment significantly reduced the need for red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusions. Despite receiving fewer RBC transfusions, patients in the treatment group had higher levels of Hb, hematocrit, and serum iron and ferritin concentrations during weeks 1 and 12 after surgery. No serious adverse events occurred during the study period. Preoperative IVFC treatment in patients with IDA undergoing OPCAB improved the values of the hematologic parameters and iron bioavailability. Therefore, is a useful strategy for stabilizing patients prior to OPCAB.
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3.
Efficacy and safety of novel hemostatic gel in endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic papillectomy: A multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial
Choi JH, Cho IR, Lee SH, Kim JS, Park N, Lee MW, Jang DK, Paik WH, Ahn DW, Ryu JK, et al
Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopists often experience obstacles with traditional hemostasis using the side-viewing duodenoscope for bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) or endoscopic papillectomy (EP). AIMS In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel hemostatic gel for post-EST or post-EP bleeding. METHODS A randomized trial was conducted from November 2020 to December 2021 at two tertiary centers in South Korea. Patients who experienced bleeding immediately after EST or EP were enrolled in the study, and primary hemostasis was achieved with either the novel hemostatic gel or epinephrine spray. RESULTS A total of 84 patients were enrolled in this study, and 41 patients were finally analyzed in each group. Hemostatic gel was significantly superior to epinephrine spray for successful primary hemostasis (100% vs. 85.4%; P = 0.026). ). In terms of delayed bleeding, no significant difference was observed between the hemostatic gel and epinephrine spray (2.4% vs. 7.3%; P = 0.329). The mean procedural time was significantly higher for the hemostatic gel than epinephrine spray (3.23 ± 1.94 vs. 1.76 ± 0.99 min; P < 0.001), and no differences were observed in the adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The novel hemostatic gel is expected to achieve satisfactory results with easier hemostasis for immediate bleeding after EST or EP. (Registered in Clinical Research Information Service: KCT0005607).
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4.
Increased prevalence of transfusion-transmitted diseases among people with tattoos: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lim SH, Lee S, Lee YB, Lee CH, Lee JW, Lee SH, Lee JY, Kim JS, Park MY, Koh SB, et al
PloS one. 2022;17(1):e0262990
Abstract
Whether having a tattoo increases the risk of transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs) is controversial. Although a few studies have suggested a strong association between having tattoos and TTDs, other studies have not shown the significance of the association. In addition, previous studies mainly focused only on hepatitis C viral infections. The objective of our study was to identify the prevalence and risk of TTDs in people with tattoos as compared with the non-tattooed population. A systematic review of the studies published before January 22, 2021, was performed using the Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Observational studies on hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis infections in people with and without tattoos were included. Studies that reported disease status without serological confirmation were excluded. A total of 121 studies were quantitatively analyzed. HCV (odds ratio [OR], 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-2.76), HBV (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.31-1.83), and HIV infections (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.34-5.39) were more prevalent in the tattooed population. In subgroup analyses, the prevalence of HCV infection was significantly elevated in the general population, hospital patient, blood donor, intravenous (IV) drug user, and prisoner groups. IV drug users and prisoners showed high prevalence rates of HBV infection. The prevalence of HIV infection was significantly increased in the general population and prisoner groups. Having a tattoo is associated with an increased prevalence of TTDs. Our approach clarifies in-depth and supports a guideline for TTD screening in the tattooed population.
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5.
The effects of inclusion of minimal-dose corticosteroid in autologous whole blood and dextrose injection for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis
Lee SH, Choi HH, Chang MC
Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2021
Abstract
BACKGOUND Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders that causes pain. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effect of the inclusion of a minimal dose of corticosteroid in a solution comprising autologous whole blood (AWB), 20% dextrose, and 2% lidocaine for treating LE. METHODS In this randomized prospective trial LE patients were allocated to the CS+ group (n= 70; solution comprising 1 mL AWB, 1 mL 20% dextrose, 0.4 mL 2% lidocaine, and 0.1 mL (0.4 mg) dexamethasone palmitate; injected into the common wrist extensor tendon) or the CS- group (n= 70; same solution as above but without dexamethasone palmitate). Five injections were administered at monthly intervals. At each visit, pain intensity was evaluated using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and grip strength was measured using a hand-grip dynamometer. RESULTS In the CS+ and CS- groups, 1 and 10 patients dropped out, respectively. In both groups, the NRS scores at each evaluation were significantly lower than the pretreatment scores. The NRS scores from pretreatment to the second and third visits were significantly lower in the CS+ group than those in the CS- group. However, at the fourth and fifth visits, and 6 months after the last injection (the sixth visit), the degree of pain reduction between the groups was not significantly different. Grip strength increased significantly over time in both groups. At each evaluation, grip strength was significantly higher than that at the pretreatment stage. However, the degree of increase was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of a minimal dose of corticosteroid in the AWB and 20% dextrose injection can reduce pain, especially during early treatment.
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6.
Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment to Prevent Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Lee DH, Cho SY, Yang SB, Lee HM, Shin HS, Lee SH, Koh JS, Kwon S, Jung WS, Moon SK, et al
Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). 2020
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in preventing cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and explore its underlying mechanism. Design: A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. Setting/Location: Subjects were recruited from Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea Subjects: A total of 50 patients admitted with acute SAH. Interventions: The study group received acupuncture treatments (n = 25), while the control group underwent mock transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and sham acupuncture (n = 25) six times/week for 2 weeks. Outcome measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), and secondary measurements included angiographic vasospasm, vasospasm-related infarction, modified Rankin Scale score, and plasma nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. Results: The study group treated with acupuncture showed a lower incidence of DIND (9.1%) than the control group (20.8%); however, this difference in the incidence of DIND was not statistically significant. The study group demonstrated better clinical outcomes, especially in functional recovery. Significant alterations in plasma NO and ET-1 levels after the 2-week intervention were observed only in the study group. Conclusions: Their study shows that acupuncture treatment improved functional recovery after SAH and could potentially prevent cerebral vasospasm. These effects could be attributed to the recovery of endothelial dysfunction by acupuncture through modulating the plasma NO and ET-1 levels. The study protocol has been registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02275949).
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7.
Effectiveness of iron supplementation in the perioperative management of total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Lee SH, Kim JI, Choi W, Kim TW, Lee YS
Knee surgery & related research. 2020;32(1):44
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation during total knee arthroplasty (TKA): (1) Is the iron supplementation necessary during TKA? (2) When is the optimal timing of iron supplementation? (3) Which is better, between orally and intravenously administered iron supplementation? And (4) What is the optimal dose of iron supplementation? MATERIALS AND METHODS A rigorous and systematic approach was used and each of the selected studies was evaluated for methodological quality. Data about study design, total number of cases enrolled, iron administration method, timing, and dose were extracted. Change in hemoglobin and transfusion rates were extracted to evaluate the effectiveness of iron supplementation. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the final analysis. Most of studies reported that hemoglobin change between iron and control group did not show any difference. Only one study reported that iron supplementation could reduce the decrease in hemoglobin. However, transfusion rate showed a decrease in the iron supplementation group compared with the control group. There was no clear consensus on the optimum timing and dose of iron supplementation and intravenously administered iron was more effective than orally administered iron, especially in anemic patients. CONCLUSION Iron supplementation is not clear as a way to raise hemoglobin levels after TKA, but an effective treatment for lowering transfusion rate, especially in patients with anemia. We could not determine the optimal timing and dose of the iron. Intravenously administered iron was similar to, or better than, orally administered iron for improving hemoglobin levels and transfusion rate.
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8.
Deep neuromuscular blockade during spinal surgery reduces intra-operative blood loss: A randomised clinical trial
Kang WS, Oh CS, Rhee KY, Kang MH, Kim TH, Lee SH, Kim SH
European journal of anaesthesiology. 2019
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal surgery is usually performed in the prone position using a posterior approach. However, the prone position may cause venous engorgement in the back and thus increase surgical bleeding with interruption of surgery. The prone position also affects cardiac output since large vessels are compressed decreasing venous return to the heart. OBJECTIVE We hypothesised that deep neuromuscular blockade would be associated with less surgical bleeding during spinal surgery in the prone position. DESIGN Prospective, randomised, single-blinded and parallel study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-eight patients in two groups. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to moderate neuromuscular blockade or deep neuromuscular blockade. In the moderate neuromuscular blockade group, administration of rocuronium was adjusted such that the train-of-four count was one to two. In the deep neuromuscular blockade group, rocuronium administration was adjusted such that the train-of-four count was zero with a posttetanic count 2 or less. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the volume of intra-operative surgical bleeding. The surgeon's satisfaction with operating conditions, haemodynamic and respiratory status, and postoperative pain scores were evaluated. RESULTS The median [IQR] volume of intra-operative surgical bleeding was significantly less in the deep neuromuscular blockade group than in the moderate neuromuscular blockade group; 300 ml [200 to 494] vs. 415 ml [240 to 601]; difference: 117 ml (95% CI, 9 to 244; P = 0.044). The mean +/- SD surgeon's satisfaction with the intra-operative surgical conditions was greater in the deep neuromuscular blockade group than in the moderate neuromuscular blockade group; 3.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.004). In intergroup comparisons of respiratory variables, peak inspiratory pressure was lower in the deep neuromuscular blockade group overall (P < 0.001). The median [IQR] postoperative pain score was lower in the deep neuromuscular blockade group than the moderate neuromuscular blockade group; 50 [36 to 60] vs. 60 [50 to 70], (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Deep neuromuscular blockade reduced intra-operative surgical bleeding in patients undergoing spinal surgery. This may be related to greater relaxation in the back muscles and lower intra-operative peak inspiratory pressure when compared with moderate neuromuscular blockade. TRIAL REGISTRATION KCT0001264 (http://cris.nih.go.kr).
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9.
Usefulness of hemostatic sealants for minimizing ovarian damage during laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriosis
Choi C, Kim WY, Lee DH, Lee SH
The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2017;44((3):):532-539
Abstract
AIM: We aimed to evaluate the impact of topical hemostatic sealants and bipolar coagulation during laparoscopic ovarian endometriotic cyst resection on ovarian reserve by comparing the rates of decrease in anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). METHODS A randomized prospective data collection was made on women aged 19-45 years who planned to have laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy at one of two institutions (n = 80), Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea or National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea, from January 2014 to April 2016. Patients were randomly divided into two groups treated with either a topical hemostatic sealant or bipolar coagulation for hemostasis. The hemostatic group was randomized to the FloSeal or TachoSil subgroups. Preoperative and 3-month postoperative AMH levels were checked and the rates of decrease of AMH were compared. All patients enrolled were treated with dienogest (Visanne) for 6-12 months. None were lost to follow-up at postoperative 3 months, but about one-third of the patients had been lost to follow-up by 6-12 months. RESULTS AMH was significantly decreased in both groups 3 months postoperatively; however, the rate of decrease in the bipolar coagulation group was greater than that in the hemostatic sealant group, 41.9% (interquartile range [IQR], 22.29-65.24) versus 18.1% (IQR, 10.94-29.90), P = 0.007. Between the two hemostatic subgroups, there was no significant difference in AMH decrease rate, 14.95% (IQR, 11.34-21.21) versus 18.1% (IQR 9.76-40.70), P = 0.204. CONCLUSION Hemostatic sealants may be an alternative to bipolar coagulation for preservation of ovarian reserve after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis.
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10.
Effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss and blood transfusion reduction after total knee arthroplasty
Seol YJ, Seon JK, Lee SH, Jin C, Prakash J, Park YJ, Song EK
Knee Surgery & Related Research. 2016;28((3)):188-93.
Abstract
PURPOSE Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) accompanies the risk of bleeding and need for transfusion. There are several methods to reduce postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion. One such method is using tranexamic acid during TKA. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion after TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 TKA patients were included in the study. The tranexamic acid group consisted of 50 patients who received an intravenous injection of tranexamic acid. The control included 50 patients who received a placebo injection. The amounts of drainage, postoperative hemoglobin, and transfusion were compared between the groups. RESULTS The mean amount of drainage was lower in the tranexamic acid group (580.6+/-355.0 mL) than the control group (886.0+/-375.5 mL). There was a reduction in the transfusion rate in the tranexamic acid group (48%) compared with the control group (64%). The hemoglobin level was higher in the tranexamic acid group than in the control group at 24 hours postoperatively. The mean units of transfusion were smaller in the tranexamic acid group (0.76 units) than in the control group (1.28 units). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that intravenous injection of tranexamic acid decreases the total blood loss and transfusion after TKA.