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1.
Local Application of Tranexamic Acid in Plastic Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Wang S, Yang J, Lin L
Aesthetic plastic surgery. 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to recent evidence, the use of local tranexamic acid (TXA) during plastic surgery may lessen blood loss. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively assess the use of local TXA during plastic surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials addressing these issues. METHODS Four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library, were searched until December 12, 2022. Following meta-analyses, the mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) for blood loss volume (BLV), ΔHct, ΔHb and operation time were calculated when appropriate. RESULTS Eleven randomized controlled trials were included in the qualitative synthesis, while 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, the local TXA group showed a reduction in blood loss volume of -1.05 (p < 0.00001; 95% CI, -1.72 to -0.38). However, local TXA had a limited effect on reducing ΔHct, ΔHb and operation time. A meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity in other outcomes; however, except for 1 study in which no significant difference was observed on POD 1, all studies showed significantly lower rates of postoperative ecchymosis after surgery, 2 studies showed statistically significant reductions in transfusion risk or volume, and 3 studies reported significantly better surgical field quality in operations with local TXA. In the 2 included studies, the researchers concluded that local treatment does not play a role in relieving postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS Local TXA is associated with less blood loss, less ecchymosis and better surgical field in plastic surgery patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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2.
The efficacy and safety of high-dose tranexamic acid in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis
Shrestha IK, Ruan TY, Lin L, Tan M, Na XQ, Qu QC, Chen JC, Si YY, Tao JP
Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research. 2021;16(1):53
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using high-dose intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss in idiopathic scoliosis surgery. METHODS This study was a meta-analysis, which consisted of retrospective cohort studies (RCSs) and randomized control trials (RCTs) found by searching electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Google Scholar Database, dating from 1960 to 2019. The points of interest included total blood loss, a need for transfusion and transfusion criteria, surgery time, and the evidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, such as seizures or thromboembolic events. The weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of blood loss in the TXA intervention group compared to the control or placebo group were extracted and combined using the random effects model. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, there was a total of three RCSs and two RCTs, which involved 334 patients. The results showed that blood loss is significantly reduced, with a weighted mean difference in the TXA group (WMD = - 525.14, P = 0.0000, CI ranged from - 839.83, - 210.44, I(2) = 82%). Heterogeneity was assessed using the random effects model. CONCLUSIONS A high dose of intravenous TXA reduced blood loss during adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery and did not lead to any significant thromboembolic event. Therefore, a high dose appears to be effective and safe for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. However, more high-quality research based on larger randomized controlled trials is still needed.
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3.
The Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitor in Cirrhotics with Variceal Bleeding: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lin L, Cui B, Deng Y, Jiang X, Liu W, Sun C
Digestion. 2020;:1-11
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was widely used in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding empirically rather than evidence-based practice. We aimed to evaluate the plausible indication of PPI use in variceal bleeding cirrhotic patients and figure out whether it can decrease the re-bleeding rate after endoscopic therapy. Furthermore, we also investigated the association between PPI and bleeding-related mortality in these patients. METHODS We have searched in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane and Embase prior to May 2019. Pooled OR and 95% CI were calculated by random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 11 original articles including 1,818 cirrhotic patients were analyzed. The overall meta-analysis highlighted that PPI use may decrease the re-bleeding rate after endoscopic therapy (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.77). The conclusion was irrespective of study methods, endoscopic purpose and hemorrhage sites. However, the conclusion speculated that PPI should be prescribed >1 month. Meanwhile, PPI use may not impact the bleeding-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS PPI, used for >1 month, can decrease re-bleeding rate after endoscopic therapy in cirrhotic patients for prophylaxis or emergency treatment purpose. No matter how long it takes, PPI use is not associated with bleeding-related mortality.
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4.
Therapeutic options for adult patients with previously treated immune thrombocytopenia - a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Yang R, Lin L, Yao H, Ji O, Shen Q
Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2019;24(1):290-299
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The great majority of adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who fail to respond to first-line medication or who relapse following response require additional treatment. Although broad guidelines currently exist for second-line and subsequent therapies, none to date have been prescriptive. The purpose of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to establish a clinically relevant ranking of the efficacy and safety of medications for adults (≥18 years old) with previously treated ITP. METHODS Relevant publications from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane database were searched from their inceptions through July 31, 2018. The primary outcome was the overall response (OR, defined as a platelet count ≥50 x 10(9)/L at the end of treatment without rescue therapy), while the secondary endpoints included early response (ER; i.e. a platelet count ≥50 x 10(9)/L at week 2 after initiation of treatment) and therapy-related severe adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Thirteen randomized controlled trials (1,202 patients) were included in this study. According to pooled results, romiplostim appears to be the most suitable treatment in terms of OR, followed by avatrombopag, eltrombopag, fostamatinib, and rituximab. Avatrombopag produced more satisfactory outcomes than romiplostim, eltrombopag, and rituximab in terms of ER; severe AEs profiles were similar across all treatment arms. CONCLUSION Romiplostim appears to be the best option for patients who fail to respond to prior treatment or relapse thereafter, while avatrombopag and eltrombopag are reasonable alternatives. Rituximab monotherapy is not recommended, as it produces the lowest OR and ER rates.
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5.
Impact of postoperative drainage autologous blood re-transfusion on the coagulation parameters and D-dimer levels of patients after total hip arthroplasty
Luo C, Luo X, He Y Li J, Huang B, Lin L, Li Q
Transfusion and Apheresis Science : Official Journal of the World Apheresis Association : Official Journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis. 2016;55((1):):109-13
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative drainage autologous blood re-transfusion (ABT) is an important treatment method that maintains a high haemoglobin (HGB) content and obviates the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients after surgery. However, the safety of ABT remains controversial. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS This study aimed to investigate the safety of postoperative drainage ABT in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this randomized, controlled study, patients undergoing THA were selected and randomly divided into two groups. A device for postoperative ABT was used for the 49 patients in the ABT group, whereas conventional postoperative vacuum drainage was used for the 42 patients in the drainage blood (Drain) group without ABT. The coagulation parameters and D-dimer (DD) levels of the two groups of patients were recorded before surgery (T0) and on postoperative days one (T1), three (T2), seven (T3), and 14 (T4). RESULTS A within-group comparison after THA showed that the postoperative fibrinogen (FIB) and DD levels were higher than those before surgery in both groups (P < 0.01). A between-group comparison showed that, at different time points, the postoperative drainage blood amount and the coagulation parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. Compared with the Drain group, the DD levels in the ABT group were significantly higher at T1, T2, and T3 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Postoperative drainage ABT did not significantly impact the coagulation parameters of patients after THA. However, the DD levels after ABT significantly increased, which may affect the risk of thrombosis.
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6.
A multi-centre study of therapeutic efficacy and safety of platelet components treated with amotosalen and ultraviolet A pathogen inactivation stored for 6 or 7 d prior to transfusion
Lozano M, Knutson F, Tardivel R, Cid J, Maymo RM, Lof H, Roddie H, Pelly J, Docherty A, Sherman C, et al
British Journal of Haematology. 2011;153((3):):393-401.
Abstract
Bacteria in platelet components (PC) may result in transfusion-related sepsis (TRS). Pathogen inactivation of PC with amotosalen (A-PC) can abrogate the risk of TRS and hence facilitate storage to 7 d. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of A-PC stored for 6-7 d was conducted. Patients were randomized to receive one transfusion of conventional PC (C-PC) or A-PC stored for 6-7 d. The primary endpoint was the 1 h corrected count increment (CCI) with an acceptable inferiority of 30%. Secondary endpoints included 1- and 24-h count increment (CI), 24-h CCI, time to next PC transfusion, red blood cell (RBC) use, bleeding and adverse events. 101 and 100 patients received A-PC or C-PC respectively. The ratio of 1-h CCI (A-PC:C-PC) was 0·87 (95% confidence interval: 0·73, 1·03) demonstrating non-inferiority (P = 0·007), with respective mean 1-h CCIs of 8163 and 9383; mean 1-h CI was not significantly different. Post-transfusion bleeding and RBC use were not significantly different (P = 0·44, P = 0·82 respectively). Median time to the next PC transfusion after study PC was not significantly different between groups: (2·2 vs. 2·3 d, P = 0·72). Storage of A-PCs for 6-7 d had no impact on platelet efficacy.
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7.
Transfusion of 7-day-old amotosalen photochemically treated buffy-coat platelets to patients with thrombocytopenia: a pilot study
Simonsen AC, Johansson PI, Conlan MG, Jacquet M, Lin JS, Junge K, Lin L, Sørensen H, Borregaard N, Flament J
Transfusion. 2006;46((3):):424-33.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photochemical treatment (PCT) of platelets (PLTs) with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light to inactivate bacteria may facilitate extension of storage from 5 to 7 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized, double-blinded, crossover, noninferiority, single-site pilot study utilizing pooled buffy-coat PLTs was conducted. The primary endpoint was the 1-hour corrected count increment (CCI) after one transfusion each of 7-day-old PCT and reference (R) PLT components. Secondary endpoints included 1-hour count increment, time to next transfusion, hemostasis, transfusion reactions, and serious adverse events. RESULTS Twenty patients with thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned: 9 to the PCT-R sequence and 11 to the R-PCT sequence. A significant treatment-by-period interaction was observed. Therefore, the first period only was also analyzed for the primary endpoint. Including both treatment periods, mean 1-hour CCI was 6587 +/- 4531 for PCT versus 8935 +/- 5478 for R-PLTs. For the first period only, mean 1-hour CCI was 8739 +/- 3785 for PCT versus 7433 +/- 5408 for R-PLTs. The upper bound of the one-sided 95 percent confidence interval of 2400 for the mean difference was higher than the specified noninferiority margin of 2200 for both analyses. Overall median time to next transfusion was 22 hours for PCT versus 27 hours for R-PLTs. Hemostasis was adequate and no transfusion reactions or serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Although this pilot study of a limited number of patients failed to show noninferiority within the specified noninferiority margin, 7-day-old PCT PLTs showed acceptable efficacy and safety for support of thrombocytopenia. The results, however, warrant evaluation in a larger trial of 7-day-old PCT PLTs.
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8.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of photochemically treated apheresis platelets processed with an optimized integrated set
Janetzko K, Cazenave JP, Klüter H, Kientz D, Michel M, Beris P, Lioure B, Hastka J, Marblie S, Mayaudon V, et al
Transfusion. 2005;45((9):):1443-52.
Abstract
BACKGROUND This multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind Phase III clinical study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of apheresis platelets (PLTs) photochemically treated (PCT) with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light (INTERCEPT Blood System, Baxter Healthcare Corp.) compared with conventional apheresis PLTs (reference). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-three patients with transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned to receive either PCT or reference PLT transfusions for up to 28 days. RESULTS The mean 1- and 24-hour corrected count increments were lower in response to PCT PLTs (not significant). When analyzed by longitudinal regression analysis, the estimated effect of treatment on 1-hour PLT count was a decrease of 7. 2 x 10(9) per L (p = 0. 05) and on 24-hour PLT count a decrease of 7. 4 x 10(9) per L (p = 0. 04). Number, frequency, and dose of PLT transfusions; acute transfusion reactions; and adverse events were similar between the two groups. There was no transfusion-associated bacteremia. Four PCT patients experienced clinical refractoriness; however, only one exhibited lymphocytotoxicity assay seroconversion. Antibodies against potential amotosalen-related neoantigens were not detected. CONCLUSION PCT PLTs provide effective and safe transfusion support for thrombocytopenic patients.
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9.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of platelets treated with a photochemical process for pathogen inactivation: the SPRINT Trial
McCullough J, Vesole DH, Benjamin RJ, Slichter SJ, Pineda A, Snyder E, Stadtmauer EA, Lopez-Plaza I, Coutre S, Strauss RG, et al
Blood. 2004;104((5):):1534-41.
Abstract
We report a transfusion trial of platelets photochemically treated for pathogen inactivation using the synthetic psoralen amotosalen HCl. Patients with thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned to receive either photochemically treated (PCT) or conventional (control) platelets for up to 28 days. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 bleeding during the period of platelet support. A total of 645 patients (318 PCT and 327 control) were evaluated. The primary end point, the incidence of grade 2 bleeding (58. 5% PCT versus 57. 5% control), and the secondary end point, the incidence of grade 3 or 4 bleeding (4. 1% PCT versus 6. 1% control), were equivalent between the 2 groups (P =. 001 by noninferiority). The mean 1-hour posttransfusion platelet corrected count increment (CCI) (11. 1 x 10(3) PCT versus 16. 0 x 10(3) control), average number of days to next platelet transfusion (1. 9 PCT versus 2. 4 control), and number of platelet transfusions (8. 4 PCT versus 6. 2 control) were different (P <. 001). Transfusion reactions were fewer following PCT platelets (3. 0% PCT versus 4. 4% control; P =. 02). The incidence of grade 2 bleeding was equivalent for PCT and conventional platelets, although posttransfusion platelet count increments and days to next transfusion were decreased for PCT compared with conventional platelets.
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10.
Transfusion of pooled buffy coat platelet components prepared with photochemical pathogen inactivation treatment: the euroSPRITE trial
van Rhenen D, Gulliksson H, Cazenave JP, Pamphilon D, Ljungman P, Klüter H, Vermeij H, Kappers-Klunne M, de Greef G, Laforet M, et al
Blood. 2003;101((6):):2426-33.
Abstract
A nucleic acid-targeted photochemical treatment (PCT) using amotosalen HCl (S-59) and ultraviolet A (UVA) light was developed to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and leukocytes in platelet components. We conducted a controlled, randomized, double-blinded trial in thrombocytopenic patients requiring repeated platelet transfusions for up to 56 days of support to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of platelet components prepared with the buffy coat method using this pathogen inactivation process. A total of 103 patients received one or more transfusions of either PCT test (311 transfusions) or conventional reference (256 transfusions) pooled, leukoreduced platelet components stored for up to 5 days before transfusion. More than 50% of the PCT platelet components were stored for 4 to 5 days prior to transfusion. The mean 1-hour corrected count increment for up to the first 8 test and reference transfusions was not statistically significantly different between treatment groups (13,100 +/- 5400 vs 14,900 +/- 6200, P =. 11). By longitudinal regression analysis for all transfusions, equal doses of test and reference components did not differ significantly with respect to the 1-hour (95% confidence interval [CI], -3. 1 to 6. 1 x 10(9)/L, P =. 53) and 24-hour (95% CI, -1. 3 to 6. 5 x 10(9)/L, P =. 19) posttransfusion platelet count. Platelet transfusion dose, pretransfusion storage duration, and patient size were significant covariates (P <. 001) for posttransfusion platelet counts. Clinical hemostasis, hemorrhagic adverse events, and overall adverse events were not different between the treatment groups. Platelet components prepared with PCT offer the potential to further improve the safety of platelet transfusion using technology compatible with current methods to prepare buffy coat platelet components.