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Comparison of efficacy of packed red blood cell transfusion based on its hemoglobin content versus the standard transfusion practice in thalassemia major patients (HEMOCON study)
Raja A, Jain A, Marwaha N, Trehan A
Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis. 2020;:102736
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Abstract
The hemoglobin (Hb) content of packed red blood cell (PRBC) units is heterogenous. The efficacy of a transfusion episode can be assessed if the Hb content of the PRBC is known and the patient's post-transfusion Hb increment is also determined. This prospective study compared the efficacy of PRBC transfusion based on its Hb content versus the standard transfusion practice. A total of 160 thalassemia major patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two equal groups: Group I (n = 80) - they received ABO/RhD identical PRBCs after determining its Hb content (≥50 g); and Group II (n = 80) - they received randomly selected ABO/RhD identical PRBCs. Hb estimation and a direct antiglobulin test were performed on the post-transfusion sample (1 h). The mean Hb content of the PRBC units was significantly higher (p = 0.000) in group I (67.86 +/- 8.07 g; range: 50.80-92.13 g) than group II (60.92 +/- 8.29 g; range: 40.86-86.76 g). The mean Hb increment was also significantly higher in group I patients (p = 0.04). In both the groups, there was a significant negative correlation between Hb increment and weight, age, body surface area and blood volume (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between Hb increment and Hb dose adjusted for body surface area as well as blood volume (p < 0.05). PRBC transfusion was more efficacious in patients who were transfused with PRBCs having a Hb content ≥50 g as compared to those who received randomly selected PRBCs.
PICO Summary
Population
Thalassemia major patients (n=160).
Intervention
ABO/RhD identical packed red blood cell (PRBCs) after determining its Hb content (>/=50 g) group I, (n = 80).
Comparison
Randomly selected ABO/RhD identical PRBCs group II ,(n = 80).
Outcome
The mean Hb content of the PRBC units was significantly higher in group I (67.86 +/- 8.07 g; range: 50.80-92.13 g) than group II (60.92 +/- 8.29 g; range: 40.86-86.76 g). The mean Hb increment was also significantly higher in group I patients. In both the groups, there was a significant negative correlation between Hb increment and weight, age, body surface area and blood volume. There was a significant positive correlation between Hb increment and Hb dose adjusted for body surface area as well as blood volume. PRBC transfusion was more efficacious in patients who were transfused with PRBCs having a Hb content >/=50 g as compared to those who received randomly selected PRBCs.
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2.
Efficacy of cross-match compatible platelets in multi transfused haemato-oncology patients refractory to platelet transfusion
Chavan A, Sharma RR, Saikia B, Malhotra P, Prakash S, Hans R, Marwaha N
Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis. 2019;:102657
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet refractoriness, which leads to platelet transfusion failure resulting in significant morbidity and long hospital stay, is routinely not investigated. AIMS To determine the efficacy of cross-match compatible platelets in multi-transfused alloimmunized hemato-oncological patients refractory to platelet transfusion. MATERIALS AND METHOD 149 ABO compatible single donor apheresis platelet transfusions given to 38 alloimmunized refractory patients. Corrected Count Increment (CCI) <5000 (1h) was taken to define refractoriness. Solid-phase red cell adherence assay was used to determine the alloimmunization status and platelet cross-matching. Post Transfusion Platelet Increment, CCI and the Percentage Platelet Recovery were used to monitor the effectiveness of platelet transfusion. ANOVA test followed by Post hoc test Tukey HSD used to compare group means and classified into three groups depending upon the cross-matching and compatibility status. Categorical data was analysed for various outcomes using Pearson's chi square test or Fischer exact test. RESULT Patients showed statistically significant recovery in terms of PPI, CCI and PPR at 1h post SDAP transfusions when they received cross-matched compatible platelets. The one-hour CCI was significantly higher for cross-match-compatible platelets (19173+/-2692) than for incompatible (5888+/-1526) and for uncross-matched (8140+/-1480). Forty four (97.8%) of 45 cross-matched compatible platelet transfusion episodes showed a satisfactory response in terms of PPI and CCI values as compared to 50 % and 53.9% in uncross-matched group respectively (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Platelet cross-matching is an effective intervention in the management of multi-transfused alloimmunized Haemato-oncological patients, refractory to platelet transfusion.
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3.
Cost-minimization analysis in the Indian subcontinent for treating Guillain Barre Syndrome patients with therapeutic plasma exchange as compared to intravenous immunoglobulin
Maheshwari A, Sharma RR, Prinja S, Hans R, Modi M, Sharma N, Marwaha N
Journal of Clinical Apheresis. 2018;33((6):):631-637.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) and Intravenous Immunoglobulin both are first-line treatments for Guillain Barre Syndrome; however, there is a significant difference in cost. We undertook this study to assess the cost minimization for treating Guillain Barre Syndrome patients. METHODS A prospective randomized controlled trial was undertaken, in which 40 Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) patients with a GBS disability score of grade four and five were enrolled. A societal perspective was adopted for the analysis and assessment of both the health system cost and out-of-pocket expenditures. Cost-minimization analysis was undertaken as both the treatments were equally effective at the end of 12 weeks. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed in the GBS Disability scores during overall treatment course in both treatment groups. The Out-of-pocket cost for the immunoglobulin (IVIG) group was INR 219 247 (4298 USD) and for the TPE group was INR 104 070 (2040.5 USD). Overall INR 86 685 ($1700), that is, 53% higher cost was observed in IVIG group without any concomitant health outcome benefit. CONCLUSION In comparison with IVIG, TPE appears to be the better option for treatment of GBS in cost-constraint countries like ours to provide an economic treatment option to most average people.
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Evaluation of the role of novel aprotic dimethyl sulfoxide in cutaneous antisepsis rotocols prior to blood donor phlebotomy with isopropyl alcohol, povidone iodine or chlorhexidine
Sachdev S, Sethuraman N, Gautam V, Pahwa D, Kalra A, Sharma R R, Marwaha N, Ray P
Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion : an Official Journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. 2018;34((1)):132-137.
Abstract
The study was planned to measure the reduction of the load of bacterial flora on the blood donor's arm quantitatively using a three step protocol of donor arm cleansing incorporating either 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or 5% w/v povidone iodine (PVI, 0.5% w/v available iodine) or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) with or without the addition of 5% dimethyl sufloxide (DMSO). Single blind randomized study after obtaining ethical clearance, using the Miles and Misra technique for quantification and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry for identification of colony morphotypes on blood donor's skin. The mean pre-cleansing colony forming units (CFUs) was 89,318 and mean post-cleansing CFUs was 132, with a mean reduction of 99.85% with a mean log reduction of 3.24 (95% CI 2.01-4.47) at a P value of <0.0001. The post-cleansing CFUs was reduced to zero in all 34 samples in the protocol using CHG with DMSO, in 23 of 31 samples in the protocol using PVI with DMSO and 19 of 29 samples in the protocol using IPA with DMSO. The difference in means of the reduction of CFUs in protocols using CHG with DMSO compared with protocols using PVI or IPA with DMSO and PVI or IPA without DMSO was statistically significant with P value of 0.006, 0.0009, 0.015 and 0.05 respectively. The enhanced cutaneous antisepsis effect of CHG when complimented with DMSO in presence of IPA using the three step protocol of donor arm cleansing could stimulate more research and utilization of this as an additional safety towards the prevention of the problem of bacterial contamination of blood and blood components.
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5.
Factors affecting the quality of cryoprecipitate
Subramaniyan R, Marwaha N, Jain A, Ahluwalia J
Asian Journal of Transfusion Science. 2017;11((1)):33-39.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many variables affect the quality of cryoprecipitate (CRYO). We investigated the effect of freezing techniques and ABO blood groups on the quality of CRYO with respect to factor VIII C and fibrinogen levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six whole blood units each collected from in-house (Group I) and blood donation camps outside the hospital premises (Group II) were processed for CRYO preparation. Within each group, half the number of plasma units was frozen using blast freezer and another half using the conventional freezer. The CRYOs from blood groups A, B, and O were equally distributed, i.e. 32 within each of the Groups I and II. The fibrinogen and factor VIII C levels in CRYO were analyzed using single-stage clotting assay. RESULTS In Group I, the mean +/- standard deviation percentage recovery of factor VIII levels in CRYO prepared using the conventional freezer and blast freezer were 58.5% +/-16.2% and 66.7% +/-16.4%, respectively, and in Group II, it was 55.3% +/-17.6% and 70.4% +/-13.4%, respectively. Recovery of factor VIII was higher in CRYO prepared using blast freezer than that of CRYO prepared using conventional freezer (P < 0.000). In Group II, CRYOs prepared using blast freezer had higher percent recovery of fibrinogen than that of Group I. In both the groups, the mean factor VIII levels in blood group A were higher than that of factor VIII levels in the blood group O CRYO. CONCLUSION The factor VIII recovery in CRYO improves significantly with higher baseline factor VIII C levels, blood group A donor, and rapid freezing using blast freezer. Rapid freezing also increases the fibrinogen yield.
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A randomized control study to evaluate effects of short-term oral iron supplementation in regular voluntary blood donors
Dara RC, Marwaha N, Khetan D, Patidar GK
Indian Journal of Hematology & Blood Transfusion : an Official Journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. 2016;32((3)):299-306.
Abstract
Regular blood donation can lead to iron deficiency anaemia. Early recognition and reversal of excessive iron loss by iron supplementation may avoid symptomatic iron store depletion in blood donors. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of iron supplementation in maintaining the iron stores of voluntary blood donors. A total of 200 regular volunteers who donated twice in previous year were randomly divided into two groups. Iron: oral iron supplementation tablets of elemental iron as ferrous fumarate. Placebo group: glucose containing capsules, to be taken once daily for 21 days after one unit of blood donation. Their hemogram, serum ferritin, red cell indices and red cell distribution width were determined at baseline and after 1 month and at the time of next blood donation. Out of 200 volunteers enrolled 98 were assigned to iron group and rest 102 into placebo group. Total of 37 % donors dropped out, yielding a dropout rate of 35 % in iron group and 39 % in the placebo group. The haemoglobin and ferritin levels showed significant improvement in iron group compared to placebo group (p < 0.05). Three weeks of oral iron therapy (98.6 mg elemental iron/day) was able to maintain iron stores at 1 month after donation but was not sufficient to sustain the iron stores over a period of 3 months. Thus there is need to evaluate increased dosage or duration of iron supplementation in maintaining the iron stores.
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7.
Steroid versus platelet-rich plasma in ultrasound-guided sacroiliac joint injection for chronic low back pain
Singla V, Batra YK, Bharti N, Goni VG, Marwaha N
Pain Practice : the Official Journal of World Institute of Pain. 2016;17((6):):782-791
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread use of steroids to treat sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain, their duration of pain reduction is short. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can potentially enhance tissue healing and may have a longer-lasting effect on pain. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of PRP compared with methylprednisolone in ultrasound-guided SIJ injection for low back pain. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized open blinded end-point (PROBE) study. METHODS Forty patients with chronic low back pain diagnosed with SIJ pathology were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group S received 1.5 mL methylprednisolone (40 mg/mL) and 1.5 mL 2% lidocaine with 0.5 mL saline, while Group P received 3 mL leukocyte-free PRP with 0.5 mL calcium chloride into ultrasound-guided SIJ injection. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) scores, Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey scores, and complications (if any) were evaluated at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. RESULTS Intensity of pain was significantly lower in Group P at 6 weeks (median [interquartile range (IQR)] = 1 [1-1] vs. 3.5 [2-5]; P = 0.0004) and 3 months (Median [IQR] = 1 [1-3] vs. 5 [3-5]; P = 0.0002) as compared to Group S. The efficacy of steroid injection was reduced to only 25% at 3 months in Group S, while it was 90% in Group P. A strong association was observed in patients receiving PRP and showing a reduction of VAS ≥50% from baseline when other factors were controlled. The MODQ and SF-12 scores were improved initially for up to 4 weeks but deteriorated further at 3 months in Group S, while both the scores improved gradually for up to 3 months in Group P. CONCLUSION The intra-articular PRP injection is an effective treatment modality in low back pain involving SIJ. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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8.
Platelet-rich plasma prevents blood loss and pain and enhances early functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomised controlled study
Aggarwal AK, Shashikanth VS, Marwaha N
International Orthopaedics. 2014;38((2):):387-95.
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might prevent blood loss and postoperative pain and expedite wound healing following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Forty consecutive patients with knee arthritis who were matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were randomly allocated to either receive or not receive PRP application over the wound, including capsule, medial and lateral recesses, during TKA. Postoperative haemoglobin, blood loss, blood transfusion, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, wound score, Knee Society Score (KSS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS The platelet-rich plasma and control groups comprised 17 and 23 patients, respectively. The PRP group recorded significantly less reduction in haemoglobin and need for blood transfusion (p=0.00 and p=0.001, respectively), experienced less pain (p=0.00) and required fewer narcotics than the control (p=0.00). There was significant difference in range of motion (ROM) at three months (p=0.01), no significant difference in wound scores (p=0.311) and significant difference in KSS and WOMAC scores at 12 weeks (p=0.00, 0.00). However no significant difference was found at six months. CONCLUSIONS PRP has significant effect in preventing blood loss, postoperative pain and need for narcotics after TKA and has a positive effect on short-term clinical outcome.
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Treatment with platelet-rich plasma is more effective than placebo for knee osteoarthritis: a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial
Patel S, Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, Marwaha N, Jain A
American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2013;41((2):):356-64.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific growth factors have been proposed as therapeutic proteins for cartilage repair. HYPOTHESIS Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides symptomatic relief in early osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 78 patients (156 knees) with bilateral OA were divided randomly into 3 groups. Group A (52 knees) received a single injection of PRP, group B (50 knees) received 2 injections of PRP 3 weeks apart, and group C (46 knees) received a single injection of normal saline. White blood cell (WBC)-filtered PRP with a platelet count 3 times that of baseline (PRP type 4B) was administered in all. All the groups were homogeneous and comparable in baseline characteristics. Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire before treatment and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. They were also evaluated for pain by a visual analog scale, and overall satisfaction with the procedure and complications were noted. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement in all WOMAC parameters was noted in groups A and B within 2 to 3 weeks and lasting until the final follow-up at 6 months, with slight worsening at the 6-month follow-up. The mean WOMAC scores (pain, stiffness, physical function, and total score) for group A at baseline were 10.18, 3.12, 36.56, and 49.86, respectively, and at final follow-up were 5.00, 2.10, 20.08, and 27.18, respectively, showing significant improvement. Similar improvement was noted in group B (mean WOMAC scores at baseline: 10.62, 3.50, 39.10, and 53.20, respectively; mean WOMAC scores at final follow-up: 6.18, 1.88, 22.40, and 30.48, respectively). In group C, the mean WOMAC scores deteriorated from baseline (9.04, 2.70, 33.80, and 45.54, respectively) to final follow-up (10.87, 2.76, 39.46, and 53.09, respectively). The 3 groups were compared with each other, and no improvement was noted in group C as compared with groups A and B (P < .001). There was no difference between groups A and B, and there was no influence of age, sex, weight, or body mass index on the outcome. Knees with Ahlback grade 1 fared better than those with grade 2. Mild complications such as nausea and dizziness, which were of short duration, were observed in 6 patients (22.2%) in group A and 11 patients (44%) in group B. CONCLUSION A single dose of WBC-filtered PRP in concentrations of 10 times the normal amount is as effective as 2 injections to alleviate symptoms in early knee OA. The results, however, deteriorate after 6 months. Both groups treated with PRP had better results than did the group injected with saline only.