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A phase III study comparing secondary long-term prophylaxis versus on-demand treatment with vWF/FVIII concentrates in severe inherited von Willebrand disease
Peyvandi F, Castaman G, Gresele P, De Cristofaro R, Schinco P, Bertomoro A, Morfini M, Gamba G, Barillari G, Jimenez-Yuste V, et al
Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue. 2019;:1-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of prospective clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate the benefits of prophylaxis with vWF/FVIII concentrates in patients with inherited von Willebrand disease (vWD). The aim of the study was to compare efficacy of secondary long-term prophylaxis (PRO) with vWF/FVIII in the prevention of bleeding episodes in severe vWD patients to standard of care (on-demand treatment; ODT). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this 12-month, phase III, open-label study (PRO.WILL), vWD patients (aged ≥6 years) were randomised to PRO (n=9; 5 completed) or ODT (n=10; 7 completed) treatment with Fanhdi((R))/Alphanate((R)) (Grifols) according to current licensing status for use in vWD. We assessed the proportion of patients who did not present any spontaneous bleeding episode, adverse events (AEs) or thrombotic events. RESULTS All patients on ODT had vWD type 2 or 3 vs 70% of patients on PRO. All ODT patients experienced bleeds vs 60% on PRO. PRO patients showed fewer bleeds (n=32 vs n=172 [112 in the same patient, mostly mucosal]; p<0.0001) and lower risk of bleeding (relative attributable risk estimate: -0.667; 95% CI: -2.374, -0.107; p<0.001). Most frequent bleeds in ODT and PRO groups were, respectively, epistaxis (n=52 vs n=15) and gastrointestinal (n=13 [9 in the same patient] vs n=1). While most bleeds lasted one day under ODT (31/32), only epistaxis did so in PRO group (14/15). No AEs due to study medication were observed. DISCUSSION Despite the small sample size and the heterogeneity of the study population, patients on vWF/FVIII prophylaxis showed a reduction in bleeding risk and rate compared to on-demand treatment.
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Timing and severity of inhibitor development in recombinant versus plasma-derived factor VIII concentrates: a SIPPET analysis
Peyvandi F, Cannavo A, Garagiola I, Palla R, Mannucci PM, Rosendaal FR
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : Jth. 2017;16((1):):39-43
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) against factor VIII (FVIII) is the most severe complication in the early phases of treatment of severe haemophilia A. Recently a randomized trial, the Survey of Inhibitors in Plasma-Product Exposed Toddlers (SIPPET) demonstrated a two-fold higher risk of inhibitors development in children treated with recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products than with plasma-derived FVIII (pdFVIII) during the first 50 exposure days (EDs). OBJECTIVE/METHODS In this post-hoc SIPPET analysis we evaluated the rate of inhibitor incidence over time by every 5 EDs (from 0 to 50 EDs) in patients treated with different classes of FVIII product, made possible by a frequent testing regime. RESULTS The highest rate of inhibitor development occurred in the first 10 EDs with a large contrast between rFVIII and pdFVIII during the first 5 ED: hazard ratio 3.14 (CI95% 1.01-9.74) for all inhibitors and 4.19 (CI95% 1.18-14.8) for high-titre inhibitors. For patients treated with pdFVIII, the peak of inhibitor development occurred later (6-10 EDs) and lasted shorter. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the high immunologic vulnerability of patients during the earliest exposure to FVIII concentrates with the strongest response to recombinant FVIII products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Pharmacokinetics, clot strength and safety of a new fibrinogen concentrate: randomized comparison with active control in congenital fibrinogen deficiency
Ross C, Rangarajan S, Karimi M, Toogeh GH, Apte S, Lissitchkov T, Acharya S, Manco-Johnson MJ, Srivastava A, Brand B, et al
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : Jth. 2017;16((2):):253-261
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fibrinogen concentrate (HFC) corrects fibrinogen deficiency in congenital a-/hypofibrinogenaemia. OBJECTIVES To assess pharmacokinetics (PK), effects on thromboelastometry maximum clot firmness (MCF), and safety of a new double virus-inactivated/eliminated, highly purified HFC vs. active control. PATIENTS/METHODS In this multinational, randomized, phase II, open-label, crossover study in 22 congenital afibrinogenaemia patients ≥12 years, 70 mg kg(-1) of new HFC (FIBRYGA, Octapharma AG) or control (Haemocomplettan((R)) P/RiaSTAP() , CSL Behring GmbH) were administered, followed by crossover to the other concentrate. Fibrinogen activity, PK and MCF in plasma were assessed. RESULTS The concentrates were not bioequivalent for the primary endpoint, AUCnorm (mean ratio 1.196; 90% CI: 1.117, 1.281). Remaining PK parameters (Cmaxnorm , IVR, t1/2 , MRT) reflected bioequivalence between concentrates, except for clearance (mean ratio 0.836; 90% CI: 0.781, 0.895) and Vss (mean ratio 0.886; 90% CI: 0.791, 0.994). Mean AUCnorm was significantly larger for the new HFC (1.62 +/- 0.45 vs. 1.38 +/- 0.47 h kg g L(-1) mg(-1) , p=0.0001) and mean clearance was significantly slower (0.665 +/- 0.197 vs. 0.804 +/- 0.255 mL h(-1) kg(-1) , p=0.0002). Mean MCF increased from 0 mm to 9.68 mm (new HFC) and 10.00 mm (control) 1-hour post-infusion (mean difference -0.32 mm, 95% CI -1.70, 1.07, n.s.). No deaths, thromboses, viral seroconversions or serious related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Bioequivalence was not demonstrated for AUCnorm , clearance and Vss. Larger AUCnorm and slower clearance were observed for the new HFC. Remaining pharmacokinetic parameters reflected bioequivalence to control. Safety profiles and increases in clot strength were comparable between concentrates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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A randomized trial of factor VIII and neutralizing antibodies in hemophilia A
Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, Garagiola I, El-Beshlawy A, Elalfy M, Ramanan V, Eshghi P, Hanagavadi S, Varadarajan R, Karimi M, et al
The New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;374((21)):2054-64.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of neutralizing anti-factor VIII alloantibodies (inhibitors) in patients with severe hemophilia A may depend on the concentrate used for replacement therapy. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial to assess the incidence of factor VIII inhibitors among patients treated with plasma-derived factor VIII containing von Willebrand factor or recombinant factor VIII. Patients who met the eligibility criteria (male sex, age <6 years, severe hemophilia A, and no previous treatment with any factor VIII concentrate or only minimal treatment with blood components) were included from 42 sites. RESULTS Of 303 patients screened, 264 underwent randomization and 251 were analyzed. Inhibitors developed in 76 patients, 50 of whom had high-titer inhibitors (≥5 Bethesda units). Inhibitors developed in 29 of the 125 patients treated with plasma-derived factor VIII (20 patients had high-titer inhibitors) and in 47 of the 126 patients treated with recombinant factor VIII (30 patients had high-titer inhibitors). The cumulative incidence of all inhibitors was 26.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.4 to 35.2) with plasma-derived factor VIII and 44.5% (95% CI, 34.7 to 54.3) with recombinant factor VIII; the cumulative incidence of high-titer inhibitors was 18.6% (95% CI, 11.2 to 26.0) and 28.4% (95% CI, 19.6 to 37.2), respectively. In Cox regression models for the primary end point of all inhibitors, recombinant factor VIII was associated with an 87% higher incidence than plasma-derived factor VIII (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.96). This association did not change in multivariable analysis. For high-titer inhibitors, the hazard ratio was 1.69 (95% CI, 0.96 to 2.98). When the analysis was restricted to recombinant factor VIII products other than second-generation full-length recombinant factor VIII, effect estimates remained similar for all inhibitors (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.99 to 3.97) and high-titer inhibitors (hazard ratio, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.11 to 6.00). CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with plasma-derived factor VIII containing von Willebrand factor had a lower incidence of inhibitors than those treated with recombinant factor VIII. (Funded by the Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01064284; EudraCT number, 2009-011186-88.).
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Inhibitor development in relation to treatment duration in severe hemophilia A in previously untreated patients: results from the SIPPET trial
Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, Garagiola I, Anzoletti MB, El-Beshlawy A, El-Alfy M, Madatha VR, Eshghi P, Varadarajan R, Hanagavadi S, et al
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015;13((Suppl. 2)):321.. Abstract No. PO164-MON.
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Source of factor VIII replacement (PLASMATIC OR RECOMBINANT) and incidence of inhibitory alloantibodies in previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia a: the multicenter randomized sippet study
Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, Garagiola I, Elalfy M, El-Beshlawy A, Ramanan MV, Eshghi P, Hanagavadi S, Varadarajan R, Karimi M, et al
Blood. 2015;126((23)): Abstract No. 5.
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Pharmacokinetic (PK) comparison of two fibrinogen concentrates for the treatment of congenital fibrinogen deficiency
Schwartz B, Rangarajan S, Karimi M, Knaub S, Peyvandi F
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015;13((Suppl. 2)):579.. Abstract No. PO198-TUE.
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Pharmacokinetic (PK) comparison of two fibrinogen concentrates for the treatment of congenital fibrinogen deficiency
Schwartz BA, Rangarajan S, Peyvandi F, Karimi M, Knaub S
Blood. 2014;124((21)): Abstract No. 2817
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Pharmacodynamics of recombinant activated factor VII and plasma-derived factor VII in a cohort of severe FVII deficient patients
van Geffen M, Mathijssen NC, Holme PA, Laros-van Gorkom BA, van Kraaij MG, Masereeuw R, Peyvandi F, van Heerde WL
Thrombosis Research. 2013;132((1):):116-22.
Abstract
Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) and plasma-derived factor VII (pdFVII) are used to prevent bleedings in severe FVII deficient patients, despite their short half-lifes. It is suggested that FVII levels of 15-20IU/dL are sufficient to maintain hemostasis. We analyzed the pharmacodynamic effects of FVII substitution therapy in the Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay (NHA) that simultaneously measures thrombin and plasmin generation. Ten severe FVII deficient patients were treated with 20mug/kg rFVIIa or 25IU/kg pdFVII in a cross-over design. Thrombin generation lag-time (TG-LT) was identified as an effect-response parameter. Pharmacodynamic analysis using a maximum effect model showed 50% reduction of the TG-LT effect at ~2IU/dL FVII activity for both rFVIIa and pdFVII. The FVII activity to obtain TG-LT comparable to the upper limit of normal range in healthy controls (4min) was given by the effective concentration (ECnormal), showing sufficient hemostasis at 3-4IU/dL FVII activity. No association was seen between FVII activity and other thrombin or plasmin generation parameters as measured by NHA. In conclusion, 3-4IU/dL FVII activity seems sufficient to maintain hemostasis in patients with severe FVII deficiency during prophylaxis. These data may suggest a potential value for measurement of TG-LT in the monitoring of FVII(a) therapy. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Increased volume of distribution for recombinant activated factor VII and longer plasma-derived factor VII half-life may explain their long lasting prophylactic effect
Mathijssen NC, Masereeuw R, Holme PA, van Kraaij MG, Laros-van Gorkom BA, Peyvandi F, van Heerde WL
Thrombosis Research. 2013;132((2):):256-62.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prophylaxis with plasma-derived or recombinant activated factor VII is beneficial in severe factor VII deficiency. To understand why prophylactic treatment with both products is efficacious, we conducted a pharmacokinetic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten factor VII deficient patients were treated with either recombinant activated (20mug/kg) or plasma-derived (25IU/kg) factor VII in a cross-over design. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed through activated factor VII activity, factor VII clotting activity, and factor VII antigen levels on depicted time points. RESULTS Factor VII activity half-lifes, determined by non-compartmental and one-compartmental analysis (results in brackets), were shorter for recombinant activated (1.4h; 0.7h) than for plasma-derived factor VII (6.8h; 3.2h); both recombinant activated (5.1h; 2.1h and plasma-derived factor VII (5.8h; 3.2h) resulted in longer half-lives of factor VII antigen. Activated factor VII half-lives (based on activated factor VII activity levels) were significantly higher compared to factor VII clotting activity (1.6h; 0.9h). Volumes of distribution were significantly higher for activated factor VII (236ml/kg; 175ml/kg, measured by activated factor VII) as compared to plasma-derived factor VII (206ml/kg; 64ml/kg, measured by factor FVII activity), suggesting a plasma- and extracellular fluid distribution for recombinant activated factor VII. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant activated factor VII showed significantly shorter half-lifes than plasma-derived factor VII. Volumes of distribution were significantly higher for treatment with recombinant activated factor VII. The longer half-life for plasma-derived factor VII, compared to recombinant activated factor VII, and the increased volume of distribution for recombinant activated factor VII, compared to plasma-derived factor VII may further elucidate the beneficial effect of prophylactic treatment of both products. Copyright 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.