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1.
Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture treated with hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhao YK, Zhang C, Zhang YW, Li RY, Xie T, Bai LY, Chen H, Rui YF
Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients with femoral neck fracture have high perioperative blood loss according to the trauma and hip arthroplasty surgery. Tranexamic acid is a fibrinolytic inhibitor and has been widely used in hip fracture patients to against perioperative anemia. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tranexamic acid (TXA) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing hip arthroplasty. METHODS We performed search using Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Reviews, and Web of Science databases to identify all relevant research studies published from inception to June 2022. Randomized controlled studies and high-quality cohort studies that reported the perioperative use of TXA in patients with femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty, and made a comparison with the control group were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 to assess the efficacy and safety of TXA. Subgroup analysis was conducted to further investigate the impact caused by surgery types and administration routes on the efficacy and safety outcomes. RESULTS Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eight cohort studies published from January 2015 to June 2022 were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed significant reductions in the rate of allogeneic blood transfusion, total blood loss (TBL) and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) drop in the TXA group compared with the control group, while no significant difference was found in the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, hospital length of stay (LOS), re-admission rate, and wound complications between the two groups. The incidence of thromboembolic events and mortality showed no significant difference. Subgroup analysis indicated that surgery types and administration routes did not change the overall tendency. CONCLUSION The current evidence shows that both intravascular administration (IV) and topical administration of TXA can significantly decrease the perioperative transfusion rate and TBL without increasing the risk of thromboembolic complications in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.
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2.
Different Dose Regimens of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Adolescent Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Xiong Z, Wu K, Zhang J, Leng D, Yu Z, Zhang C, Yi P
BioMed research international. 2020;2020:3101358
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dose regimens of intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) in adolescent spinal deformity surgery. METHODS Two researchers independently searched multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to find studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was performed based on the guidelines of the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and eleven non-RCTs were identified, including 1148 patients. According to different dose regimens of IV TXA, the included studies were divided into the high-dose group and the low-dose group. Compared with placebo, both groups had less total blood loss (TBL) (high dose: WMD = -1737.55, 95% CI: (-2247.16, -1227.94), P < 0.001, I (2) = 0%; low dose: WMD = -528.67, 95% CI: (-666.06, -391.28), P < 0.001, I (2) = 0%), intraoperative blood loss (IBL) (high dose: WMD = -301.48, 95% CI: (-524.3, -78.66), P = 0.008, I (2) = 60.3%; low dose: WMD = -751.14, 95% CI: (-967.21, -535.08), P < 0.001, I (2) = 0%), and blood transfusion rates (high dose: RR = 0.19, 95% CI: (0.1, 0.37), P < 0.001, I (2) = 0%; low dose: RR = 0.4, 95% CI: (0.18, 0.91), P = 0.029, I (2) = 57%). High-dose IV TXA use was associated with more vertebral fusion segments (WMD = 0.53, 95% CI: (0.23, 0.82), P < 0.001, I (2) = 31.2%). Low-dose IV TXA use was associated with shorter operative time (WMD = -18.43, 95% CI: (-26.68, -10.17), P < 0.001, I (2) = 0%). CONCLUSION High-dose and low-dose IV TXA were effective in reducing TBL, IBL, and blood transfusion rates without increasing complications in adolescent patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Low-dose IV TXA was effective in reducing the operative time. Both the high-dose and low-dose groups had similar preoperative and postoperative Hb levels compared to the control group.
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3.
Comparison of combined intravenous and topical use of tranexamic acid with different dosage in primary total knee arthroplasty
Wu J, Li G, Chen Y, Deng J, Zhang C
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi = Zhongguo Xiufu Chongjian Waike Zazhi = Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery. 2018;32((11)):1397-1401.
Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular combined with intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) with different dosage for reducing blood loss in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Between January 2017 and June 2017, 90 patients suffering from unilateral osteoarthritis who underwent primary TKA were randomly scheduled to three interventions, named groups A, B, and C. Single dosage of TXA via intravenous injection (IV) and different dosages of TXA via intra-articular injection (IA) were utilized in three groups, respectively. All patients in three groups received 1 g TXA IV at 10 minutes preoperatively, and received 1, 2, and 3 g TXA IA diluted in 50 mL saline after wound closure in groups A, B and C, respectively. The age, gender, body mass index, affected side of the knee, grade of osteoarthritis, grade of America Society of Anesthesiologist, preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, platelet count, preoperative prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were not significantly different between groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative wound blood drainage, Hb concentration at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation, transfusion rate, and thromboembolic complications were observed. All patients were routinely observed for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by the color Doppler ultrasonography at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after operation, and the symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) were observed. Results: All patients in three groups were followed up 7-12 months (mean, 8.4 months). There was no significant difference in operation time between groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative wound blood drainage was significantly less in groups B and C than that in group A ( P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between group B and group C ( P>0.05). Incision skin necrosis occurred in 1 case of group B and fat liquefaction occurred in 1 case of group C. The other incisions of 3 groups healed by first intention. There was no significant difference in incision complication incidence between groups. The Hb concentration was significantly higher in groups B and C than that in group A at 1, 3, and 7 days after operation ( P<0.05). While between group B and group C, the significant difference of Hb concentration only existed at 1 day after operation ( P<0.05). The number of patients who got blood transfusion was significantly less in group B (4 cases, 13.3%) and group C (5 cases, 16.7%) than that in group A (9 cases, 30%) ( P< 0.05), but no significant difference was found between group B and group C ( P>0.05). The result of color Doppler ultrasonography showed that 1 case got DVT in the contralateral calf at 3 weeks in group B. And there was no symptomatic PE in 3 groups. Conclusion: Combined administration of IV and IA TXA in a clinically relevant reduction in blood loss was effective and safe in primary TKA, and no thromboembolic complication was observed. The combination of 1 g IV with 2 g IA could be the optional choice.
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4.
Is combined topical and intravenous tranexamic acid superior to intravenous tranexamic acid alone for controlling blood loss after total hip arthroplasty?: a meta-analysis
Zhang H, He G, Zhang C, Xu B, Wang X, Zhang C
Medicine. 2017;96((21)):e6916.
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of combined intravenous (IV) and topical tranexamic acid (TXA) with IV-TXA alone for controlling blood loss in patients following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Google database, the Chinese Wanfang database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database were searched to identify studies comparing combined IV and topical TXA with IV-TXA alone in patients who were prepared for THA. The weighed mean differences for total blood loss, hemoglobin drop, intraoperative blood loss, and the length of hospital stay were calculated. We calculated risk ratios for the need for transfusion and the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the combined TXA and IV-TXA alone groups. Relevant data were analyzed using Reviewer Manager 5.3.0. RESULTS Eight RCTs with a total of 850 patients (combined TXA: n = 471; IV-TXA: n = 479) were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that compared with the IV-TXA alone group, the combined TXA group was associated with a lesser need for transfusion, total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, and hemoglobin drop (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for the length of hospital stay and the occurrence of DVT (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis indicated that combined topical and IV-TXA was a relatively effective hemostasis method compared with IV-TXA alone. The number of studies included in this meta-analysis is limited, and more studies are needed to verify the effects of combined IV and topical TXA in THA patients.
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5.
Efficacy of antifibrinolytic agents on surgical bleeding and transfusion requirements in spine surgery: a meta-analysis
Li G, Sun TW, Luo G, Zhang C
European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2016;26((1):):140-154
Abstract
PURPOSE Spine surgery is usually associated with large amount of blood loss and blood transfusion. Excessive blood loss may cause hypotension, inadequate oxygenation of organs, necessitate allogeneic blood transfusion, and spinal epidural hematoma formation. Aprotinin, TXA, and EACA are antifibrinolytics currently offered as prophylactic agents to reduce surgery-associated blood loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of using antifibrinolytic agents in reducing blood loss and blood transfusions in spine surgery. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane-controlled trials register were used to identify RCTs published before April 2015 that examined the effectiveness of intravenous aprotinin, tranexamic acid (TXA), and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) on reduction of blood loss and blood transfusions, compared with placebo in spine surgery. Randomized controlled trials reported the primary outcome that included total blood loss, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative blood loss, blood transfusion requirements, blood transfusion rate, and incidence of deep vein thrombosis. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata12.0. Weighted mean difference with 95 % confidence intervals was used to summarize the findings across the trials for continuous outcomes. Dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratios with 95 % confidence intervals. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS 17 studies involving 1191 patients were identified. Among them, 13 RCTs with 943 patients were included for the evaluation of total blood loss. Compared with the control group, the antifibrinolytic agents reduced total blood loss (SMD = -0.62; 95 % CI -0.75, -0.48; P = 0.000), The aprotinin group (SMD = -0.80; 95 % CI -1.22, -0.37; P = 0.938), The TXA group (SMD = -0.75; 95 % CI -0.93, -0.57; P = 0.000), and the EACA group (SMD = -0.28; 95 % CI -0.54, -0.01; P = 0.185). Thirteen RCTs with eight hundred and ninety four patients were included for the evaluation of intra-operative blood loss. Compared with the control group, the antifibrinolytic agents reduced intra-operative blood loss (SMD = -0.41; 95 % CI -0.55, -0.28; P = 0.010), The aprotinin group (SMD = -0.62; 95 % CI -0.93, -0.30; P = 0.862), The TXA group (SMD = -0.47; 95 % CI -0.64, -0.29; P = 0.005), and the EACA group (SMD = -0.16; 95 % CI -0.42, -0.11; P = 0.897). Eight RCTs with six hundred and seven patients were included for the evaluation of post-operative blood loss. Compared with the control group, the antifibrinolytic agents reduced post-operative blood loss (SMD = -0.68; 95 % CI -0.85, -0.51; P = 0.000), the aprotinin group (SMD = -0.48; 95 % CI -0.85, -0.12; P = 0.036), the TXA group (SMD = -0.80; 95 % CI -1.01, -0.59; P = 0.000), and the EACA group (SMD = -0.32; 95 % CI -0.68, -0.04; P = 0.009). Ten RCTs with seven hundred and twenty twopatients were included for the evaluation of blood transfusion. Compared with the control group, the antifibrinolytic agents reduced blood transfusion (SMD = -0.68; 95 % CI -0.85, -0.51; P = 0.000), the aprotinin group (SMD = -0.80; 95 % CI -1.22, -0.37; P = 0.938), the TXA group (SMD = -0.38; 95 % CI -0.58, -0.18; P = 0.000), and the EACA group (SMD = -0.28; 95 % CI -0.54, -0.01; P = 0.185). Twelve RCTs with eight hundred and fifteenpatients were included for the evaluation of blood transfusion rate. The transfusion rate was 35.6 % in the patients with antifibrinolytic agents and 55.2 % in the patients with placebo (RR = 0.75; 95 % CI 0.63, 0.89; P = 0.939). All studies were included for the evaluation of safety, with a total of eight thromboembolic events reported overall (two in the experimental group and six in the control group). CONCLUSIONS The antifibrinolytic agents were able to reduce perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in spine surgery. TXA appeared more effective than aprotinin and EACA in reducing total blood loss, intra-operative blood loss, and blood transfusion according to the results of this analysis. The three groups in reducing the post-operative blood loss are sig
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6.
A prospective randomized self-controlled study on effect of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in total knee arthroplasty . Chinese
Huang Z, Zhang W, Li W, Bai G, Zhang C, Lin J
Chung-Kuo Hsiu Fu Chung Chien Wai Ko Tsa Chih/Chinese Journal of Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery. 2015;29((3)):280-3.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficiency of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS A prospective, randomized, self-controlled study was carried out on 60 patients scheduled for bilateral TKA between January 2012 and December 2013. TXA (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously approximately 10 minutes before tourniquet release when TKA was performed on one side (TXA group), and TXA was not used on the other side (control group). No significant difference was found in the preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb), platelet (PLT) count, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) between 2 groups (P > 0.05). The amount of drainage, the total blood loss, the hidden blood loss, the postoperative Hgb, the amount of blood transfusion, the ratio of blood transfusion, and the incidence of vein thrombosis embolism (VTE) were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS The amount of drainage and total blood loss were significantly less in the TXA group than in control group (P < 0.05), and the Hgb was significantly lower in the control group than in the TXA group at 6 hours, 1, 3, and 7 days after operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the hidden blood loss between 2 groups (t = 1.157, P = 0.252). The ratio of blood transfusion was significantly less in TXA group (6.7%, 4/60) than in control group (21.7%, 13/60)(P = 0.034). The total amount of blood transfusion was 14 units in TXA group, which was significantly less than that of control group (38 units) (P = 0.004). Deep vein thrombosis occurred in 3 cases in 2 groups respectively, showing no significant difference (P = 1.000). There was no symptomatic pulmonary embolism. All patients were followed up for 8-17 months, with an average of 13.7 months. No new VTE case was found during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Intravenous injection of TXA (10 mg/kg) at 10 minutes before tourniquet release in TKA is effective in reducing perioperative blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, and ratio of transfusion, and it will not increase the risk of VTE.
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7.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative intravenous tranexamic acid use in spinal surgery
Yang B, Li H, Wang D, He X, Zhang C, Yang P
PLoS ONE. 2013;8((2):):e55436.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) is well-established as a versatile oral, intramuscular, and intravenous (IV) antifibrinolytic agent. However, the efficacy of IV TXA in reducing perioperative blood transfusion in spinal surgery is poorly documented. METHODOLOGY We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized (qi-RCTs) trials that included patients for various spinal surgeries, such as adolescent scoliosis surgery administered with perioperative IV TXA according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines using electronic PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases. Additional journal articles and conference proceedings were manually located by two independent researchers. RESULTS Totally, nine studies were included, with a total sample size of 581 patients. Mean blood loss was decreased in patients treated with perioperative IV TXA by 128.28 ml intraoperatively (ranging from 33.84 to 222.73 ml), 98.49 ml postoperatively (ranging from 83.22 to 113.77 ml), and 389.21 ml combined (ranging from 177.83 to 600.60 ml). The mean volume of transfused packed cells were reduced by 134.55 ml (ranging 51.64 to 217.46) (95% CI; P=0.0001). Overall, the number of patients treated with TXA who required blood transfusions was lower by 35% than that of patients treated with the comparator and who required blood transfusions (RR 0.65; 95% CI; 0.53 to 0.85; P<0.0001, I(2)=0%). A dose-independent beneficial effect of TXA was observed, and confirmed in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. A total of seven studies reported DVT data. The study containing only a single DVT case was not combined. CONCLUSIONS The blood loss was reduced in spinal surgery patients with perioperative IV TXA treatment. Also the percentage of spinal surgery patients who required blood transfusion was significantly decreased. Further evaluation is required to confirm our findings before TXA can be safely used in patients undergoing spine surgery. Systematic Review